Morpho-structural and physiological performance of Sangiovese and Montepulciano cvv. (Vitis vinifera) under non-limiting water supply conditions
Alberto Palliotti A D , Stefano Poni B , Oriana Silvestroni C , Sergio Tombesi A and Fabio Bernizzoni BA Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università di Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06128 Perugia, Italy.
B Istituto di Frutti-Viticoltura, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy.
C Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali e delle Produzioni Vegetali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via delle Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
D Corresponding author. Email: palliot@unipg.it
Functional Plant Biology 38(11) 888-898 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP11093
Submitted: 16 April 2011 Accepted: 18 August 2011 Published: 4 October 2011
Abstract
Morpho-structural and physiological traits of Sangiovese and Montepulciano varieties (Vitis vinifera L. – two red grapes widely cultivated in Italy), grown outside under non-limiting water supply conditions were evaluated in 2007 and 2008 and results were correlated with yield components and grape composition. The 2-year analysis showed intraspecific differences in canopy characteristics, leaf and shoot properties, photosynthetic ability, water use efficiency, vine yield and grape composition. Compared with Sangiovese, Montepulciano was able to assure a higher whole-canopy seasonal net CO2 exchange rate during the season (+38% in mid morning and +49% in mid afternoon). It also had higher water use efficiency (especially early in the morning and in late afternoon) and a higher vine yield (+16%). Furthermore, total soluble solids (+1.7 °Brix), anthocyanins (+0.44 mg cm–2 berry skin) and phenolic compounds (+0.88 mg cm–2 berry skin) were higher in the grapes. To ensure this performance, Montepulciano vines have to support higher costs of growth and maintenance processes, made possible because of the increased respiration activity of the canopy during the night. We confirmed that vine yield and grape composition is strictly dependent on the seasonal photosynthetic capacity of the canopy. Therefore, Montepulciano should be put in a position to fully realise this substantial photosynthetic potential, by avoiding or reducing environmental stress. Sangiovese is structurally and morpho-physiologically better able to withstand any stress during the summer than Montepulciano. Sangiovese xylem tissue had larger mean vessel density and smaller mean vessel diameter and hydraulic conductance than Montepulciano, holding the hypothesis of less susceptibility to conduit damage.
Additional keywords: chlorophyll, grape quality, grape yield, photosynthesis, respiration, xylematic vessel.
References
Bota J, Flexas J, Medrano H (2001) Genetic variability of photosynthesis and water use in Balearic grapevine cultivars. Annals of Applied Biology 138, 353–361.| Genetic variability of photosynthesis and water use in Balearic grapevine cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chaves MM, Zarrouk O, Francisco R, Costa JM, Santos T, Regalado AP, Rodrigues ML, Lopes CM (2010) Grapevine under deficit irrigation: hints from physiological and molecular data. Annals of Botany 105, 661–676.
| Grapevine under deficit irrigation: hints from physiological and molecular data.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3c3ovFGnsg%3D%3D&md5=cb72ffe242c0d2da3f71eb5fbcbc5714CAS |
Clingeleffer PR (2009) Integrated vine management to minimise the impacts of seasonal variability on yield, fruit composition and wine quality. In ‘Proceedings of the 16th International GiESCO Symposium’. pp. 259–264. Davis, CA.
de Souza CR, Maroco JP, Dos Santos TP, Rodrigues ML, Lopes C, Pereira JP, Chaves MM (2005) Control of stomatal conductance and carbon uptake by deficit irrigation in two grapevine cultivars. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment 106, 261–274.
| Control of stomatal conductance and carbon uptake by deficit irrigation in two grapevine cultivars.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhslehtLY%3D&md5=f0d252e10ad824c8a11fa8d9fc6c625bCAS |
Dokoozlian N (2009) Integrated canopy management: a twenty year evolution in California. In ‘Recent advances in grapevine canopy management’. pp. 43–52. (University of California: Davis, CA)
Flügge U, Haüsler RE, Ludewig F, Gierth M (2011) The role of transporters in supplying energy to plant plastids. Journal of Experimental Botany 62, 2381–2392.
| The role of transporters in supplying energy to plant plastids.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hargrave KR, Kolb KJ, Ewers FW, Davis SD (1994) Conduit diameter and drought-induced embolism in Salvia mellifera Greene (Labiatae). New Phytologist 126, 695–705.
| Conduit diameter and drought-induced embolism in Salvia mellifera Greene (Labiatae).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones GV, White MA, Cooper OR, Storchmann K (2005) Climate change and global wine quality. Climatic Change 73, 319–343.
| Climate change and global wine quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kliewer WM, Dokoozlian NK (2005) Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: influence of fruit composition and wine quality. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 56, 170–181.
Lichtenthaler HK, Wellburn AR (1983) Determinations of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf extracts in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions 11, 591–592.
Medrano H, Escalona JM, Cifre J, Bota J, Flexas J (2003) A 10 year study on the physiology of two Spanish grapevine cultivars under field conditions: effects of water availability from leaf photosynthesis to grape yield and quality. Functional Plant Biology 30, 607–619.
| A 10 year study on the physiology of two Spanish grapevine cultivars under field conditions: effects of water availability from leaf photosynthesis to grape yield and quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmvFSkt70%3D&md5=dbfd8ece832edb24e5323ed4402aefd5CAS |
Organisation International de la Vigne et du Vin (1983) ‘Codes des caractères descriptif des variétés et espèces de Vitis.’ (OIV: Dedon, Paris)
Ough CS, Amerine MA (1980) Grape pigments. In ‘Methods for analysis of musts and wines’. pp. 206–212. (John Wiley & Sons: New York)
Palliotti A, Cartechini A, Ferranti F (2000) Morpho-anatomical and physiological characteristics of primary and lateral shoot leaves of Cabernet Franc and Trebbiano Toscano grapevines under two irradiance regimes. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 51, 122–130.
Palliotti A, Silvestroni O, Petoumenou D, Vignaroli S, Berrios JG (2008) Evaluation of low-energy demand adaptive mechanisms in Sangiovese grapevine during drought. Journal International Science Vigne Vin 42, 41–47.
Palliotti A, Silvestroni O, Petoumenou D (2009) Photosynthetic and photoinhibition behaviour of two field-grown grapevine cultivars under multiple summer stresses. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 60, 189–198.
Poni S, Magnanini E, Rebucci B (1997) An automated chamber system for measurements of whole-vine gas exchange. HortScience 32, 64–67.
Schultz HR (1996) Leaf absorptance of visible radiation in Vitis vinifera L.: estimates of age and shade effects with a simple field method. Scientia Horticulturae 66, 93–102.
| Leaf absorptance of visible radiation in Vitis vinifera L.: estimates of age and shade effects with a simple field method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schultz HR (2000) Climate change in viticulture: a European perspective on climatology, carbon dioxide and UV effects. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 6, 2–12.
| Climate change in viticulture: a European perspective on climatology, carbon dioxide and UV effects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjt1Sls70%3D&md5=b4693dd6e1f1ef1ef3a87c6237be010fCAS |
Schultz HR (2003) Differences in hydraulic architecture account for near-isohydric and anisohydric behaviour of two field-grown Vitis vinifera L. cultivars during drought. Plant, Cell & Environment 26, 1393–1405.
| Differences in hydraulic architecture account for near-isohydric and anisohydric behaviour of two field-grown Vitis vinifera L. cultivars during drought.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Silvestroni O, Neri D, Palliotti A, Manni E, Sabatini P (2004) Seasonal dry matter production in field-grown of Sangiovese and Montepulciano grapevine varieties. Acta Horticulturae 640, 183–190.
Slinkard K, Singleton VL (1977) Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 28, 49–55.
Smart DR (2004) Exposure to elevated carbon dioxide concentration in the dark lowers the respiration quotient of Vitis cane wood. Tree Physiology 24, 115–120.
Somers TC (1966) Grape phenolics: The anthocyanins of Vitis vinifera, variety Shiraz. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 17, 215–219.
| Grape phenolics: The anthocyanins of Vitis vinifera, variety Shiraz.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF28XhtVKrtrc%3D&md5=1d324d9af13ab0c4646760ca466e17aaCAS |
Sperry JS, Nichols KL, Sullivan JEM, Eastlack SE (1994) Xylem embolism in ring-porous, diffuse-porous and coniferous trees of northern Utah and interior Alaska. Ecology 75, 1736–1752.
| Xylem embolism in ring-porous, diffuse-porous and coniferous trees of northern Utah and interior Alaska.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Strasserf RJ, Srivastava A, Govindjee (1995) Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria. Photochemistry and Photobiology 61, 32–42.
| Polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence transient in plants and cyanobacteria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Strasserf RJ, Srivastava A, Tsimilli-Michael M (2000) The fluorescence transient as a tool to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. In ‘Probing photosynthesis: mechanism, regulation and adaptation’. (Ed. M Yunus) pp. 445–483. (Taylor & Francis: London)
Tombesi S, Johnson RS, Day KR, DeJong TM (2010) Relationships between xylem vessel characteristics, calculated axial hydraulic conductance and size-controlling capacity of peach rootstocks. Annals of Botany 105, 327–331.
| Relationships between xylem vessel characteristics, calculated axial hydraulic conductance and size-controlling capacity of peach rootstocks.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tyree MT, Ewers FW (1991) The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants. New Phytologist 119, 345–360.
| The hydraulic architecture of trees and other woody plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tyree MT, Zimmermann MT (2002) ‘Xylem structure and the ascent of sap.’ 2nd edn. (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
Zimmermann MH (1983) ‘Xylem structure and the ascent of sap.’ (Springer-Verlag: Berlin)
Zufferey V, Murisier F, Schultz HR (2000) A model analysis of the photosynthetic responses of Vitis vinifera L. cvv. Riesling and Chasselas leaves in the field. I. Interaction of age, light and temperature. Vitis 39, 19–26.
