Effector proteins of extracellular fungal plant pathogens that trigger host resistance
Ann-Maree Catanzariti A and David A. Jones A BA Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, RN Robertson Building (46), The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
B Corresponding author. Email: david.jones@anu.edu.au
Functional Plant Biology 37(10) 901-906 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10077
Submitted: 7 April 2010 Accepted: 15 May 2010 Published: 23 September 2010
Abstract
An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that plant pathogens use to successfully colonise host tissue can be gained by studying the biological activity of pathogen proteins secreted during infection. Several secreted ‘effector’ proteins with possible roles in virulence have been isolated from extracellular fungal pathogens, including three that have been shown to negate host defences. In most cases, significant effector variation is observed between different pathogen isolates, driven by the recognitional capacity of disease resistance proteins arrayed against the pathogen by the host plant. This review summarises what is known about the expression, function and variation of effectors isolated from extracellular fungal pathogens.
Additional keywords: avirulence, effector-triggered immunity, hypersensitive response, plant disease resistance, virulence.
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