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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 35(6)

Why is plant-growth response to elevated CO2 amplified when water is limiting, but reduced when nitrogen is limiting? A growth-optimisation hypothesis

Ross E. McMurtrie A G , Richard J. Norby B , Belinda E. Medlyn C , Roderick C. Dewar D , David A. Pepper A , Peter B. Reich E and Craig V. M. Barton F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.

B Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA.

C School of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2019, Australia.

D Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Physics (EPHYSE), INRA Centre de Bordeaux-Aquitaine, BP81, 33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France.

E Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.

F Forest Resources Research, NSW Department of Primary Industry, PO Box 100, Beecroft, NSW 2119, Australia.

G Corresponding author. Email: r.mcmurtrie@unsw.edu.au

H This paper originates from a presentation at EcoFIZZ 2007, Richmond, New South Wales, Australia, September 2007.

Functional Plant Biology 35(6) 521-534 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP08128
Submitted: 15 April 2008  Accepted: 4 June 2008   Published: 4 August 2008

Abstract

Experimental evidence indicates that the stomatal conductance and nitrogen concentration ([N]) of foliage decline under CO2 enrichment, and that the percentage growth response to elevated CO2 is amplified under water limitation, but reduced under nitrogen limitation. We advance simple explanations for these responses based on an optimisation hypothesis applied to a simple model of the annual carbon–nitrogen–water economy of trees growing at a CO2-enrichment experiment at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. The model is shown to have an optimum for leaf [N], stomatal conductance and leaf area index (LAI), where annual plant productivity is maximised. The optimisation is represented in terms of a trade-off between LAI and stomatal conductance, constrained by water supply, and between LAI and leaf [N], constrained by N supply. At elevated CO2 the optimum shifts to reduced stomatal conductance and leaf [N] and enhanced LAI. The model is applied to years with contrasting rainfall and N uptake. The predicted growth response to elevated CO2 is greatest in a dry, high-N year and is reduced in a wet, low-N year. The underlying physiological explanation for this contrast in the effects of water versus nitrogen limitation is that leaf photosynthesis is more sensitive to CO2 concentration ([CO2]) at lower stomatal conductance and is less sensitive to [CO2] at lower leaf [N].

Additional keywords: carbon–nitrogen–water economy, climate change, CO2 enrichment, forest model, leaf area index, stomatal conductance.


Acknowledgements

We acknowledge financial support from the Australian Research Council, the Australian Department of Climate Change, the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Program, the US National Science Foundation (LTER: 0080382, Biocomplexity: 0322057) and the Department of Energy Program for Ecological Research (Grant DE-FG02–96ER62291). We are grateful for support provided by TERACC (NSF Grant No. 0090238) for a modelling workshop held in Cronulla, Sydney, Australia, in 2006.


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