Enhanced sensitivity of Arabidopsis anthocyanin mutants to photooxidation: a study with fluorescence imaging
Ling Shao A B E , Zhan Shu A E , Chang-Lian Peng A F , Zhi-Fang Lin C , Cheng-Wei Yang A and Qun Gu DA College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
B College of Life Science, Zhao Qing University, Zhaoqing 526061, China.
C South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
D Zealquest Laboratory for Ecological Research, Zealquest Scientific Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200333, China.
E These authors contributed equally to this work.
F Corresponding author. Email: pengchl@scib.ac.cn
Functional Plant Biology 35(8) 714-724 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP08069
Submitted: 9 March 2008 Accepted: 17 July 2008 Published: 19 September 2008
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging and antioxidative capability in detached leaves of the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Landsberg erecta (Ler) and in three mutants deficient in anthocyanin biosynthesis (tt3, tt4 and tt3tt4) were investigated under photooxidation stress induced by methyl viologen (5 μm) in the light. In comparison with the wild-type (WT) plant, photooxidation resulted in significant decreases in the contents of total phenolics and flavonoid, total antioxidative capability and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, qP, ΦPSII, NPQ and ETR) as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, and in an increase in cell-membrane leakiness in the three anthocyanin mutants. The sequence of sensitivity to photooxidation in the leaves of the four phenotypes were tt3tt4 (deficient in both chalcone synthase locus (CHS) and dihydroflavonol 4-reductase locus (DFR)) > tt4 (deficient in CHS) > tt3 (deficient in DFR) > WT. The results demonstrate that anthocyanins might, along with other antioxidants, protect the photosynthetic apparatus against photooxidative damage. An interesting phenomenon was observed over the 270 min of the photooxidative treatment, that is, fluorescence imaging revealed that qP, ΦPSII and ETR appeared in three phases (fall → partial recovery → rapid fall). This was considered to be a modulation of reversible deactivation in PSII to cope with the moderate oxidative stress in the first two stages of short-term treatment (<150 min), followed finally by damage to PSII under severe oxidative stress with prolonged treatment.
Additional keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, methyl viologen, reversible deactivation of PSII.
Acknowledgements
We thank Professor Fred Chow (Research School of Biological Sciences, the Australian National University) and Professor Lars Olof Bjorn (Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Lund University) for critical reading of the manuscript and helpful suggestions. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30770173) and the Zealquest Scientific Foundation.
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