Recruitment of myosin VIII towards plastid surfaces is root-cap specific and provides the evidence for actomyosin involvement in root osmosensing
Przemysław Wojtaszek A B D , Anna Anielska-Mazur C , Halina Gabryś C , František Baluška A and Dieter Volkmann AA Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
B Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Fredry 10, 61-701 Poznań, and Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
C Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
D Corresponding author. Email: przemow@ibch.poznan.pl
Functional Plant Biology 32(8) 721-736 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP05004
Submitted: 30 December 2004 Accepted: 22 April 2005 Published: 3 August 2005
Abstract
The existence of a cell wall–plasma membrane–cytoskeleton (WMC) continuum in plants has long been postulated. However, the individual molecules building such a continuum are still largely unknown. We test here the hypothesis that the integrin-based multiprotein complexes of animal cells have been replaced in plants with more dynamic entities. Using an experimental approach based on protoplast digestion mixtures, and utilising specific antibodies against Arabidopsis ATM1 myosin, we reveal possible roles played by plant-specific unconventional myosin VIII in the functioning of WMC continuum. We demonstrate rapid relocation (less than 5 min) of myosin VIII to statolith surfaces in maize root-cap cells, which is accompanied by the reorganisation of actin cytoskeleton. Upon prolonged stimulation, myosin VIII is also recruited to plasmodesmata and pit-fields of plasmolysing root cap statocytes. The osmotic stimulus is the major factor inducing relocation, but the cell wall–cytoskeleton interactions also play an important role. In addition, we demonstrate the tight association of myosin VIII with the surfaces of chloroplasts, and provide an indication for the differences in the mechanisms of plastid movement in roots and leaves of plants. Overall, our data provide evidence for the active involvement of actomyosin complexes, rooted in the WMC continuum, in the cellular volume control and maintenance of spatial relationships between cellular compartments.
Keywords: actin, cell wall–cytoskeleton interactions, myosin VIII (unconventional), organelle movement, osmosensing, plastids, root cap, statolith.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a fellowship to PW from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Bonn, Germany). We thank Jerzy Dobrucki (Jagiellonian University, Poland) for the access to the confocal microscope. We thank Chris Staiger (Purdue University, USA) for providing us with antibodies against maize pollen actin. The financial provision from the Deutches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Köln, Germany (DV) and from European Commission (5th Framework Program, Centre of Excellence grants ICA1–1999–70105 and ICA-CT-2000–70012 to Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University) is also gratefully acknowledged.
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