Amino acid metabolism in senescing Sandersonia aurantiaca flowers: cloning and characterization of asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase cDNAs

Abstract

We have studied nitrogen metabolism during senescence of the ethylene-insensitive flower Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook. We report here on the isolation and characterization of two cDNAs from senescing sandersonia tepals. SAND1 encodes asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) and SAND3 encodes glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2). The accumulation of SAND3 mRNAs was consistently high throughout flower development and senescence and was not associated with senescence per se. SAND1 mRNAs started to accumulate in mature flowers just prior to visual signs of senescence. Sucrose feeding of individual flowers delayed tepal senescence and altered amino acid metabolism. The levels of Asn, Gln and Glu were higher and Asp levels were lower in the sucrose-fed flowers. The senescence-associated peak in Gln was delayed in sucrose-fed flowers compared to controls that were held in water. Sucrose feeding had no effect on the initiation of SAND1 transcription at the onset of flower senescence; however, the later decline in SAND1 mRNA abundance was delayed in sucrose-fed flowers. Elimination of GS activity and the subsequent reduction in Gln levels caused by phosphinothricin treat-ment was associated with a delay of SAND1 mRNA accumulation in senescing flowers.