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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Contents Vol 51(2)

Genome-wide analysis and expression divergence of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) gene family members in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) under salt stress

Kauser Parveen A , Muhammad Abu Bakar Saddique https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-0833 A * , Muhammad Umair Waqas B , Kotb A. Attia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2992-1765 C , Muhammad Rizwan D , Asmaa M. Abushady https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-3578 E F and Imran Haider Shamsi G
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan.

B Department of Pathobiology, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan.

C Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

D Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Sub-Campus Burewala, Vehari, Pakistan.

E Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza 12588, Egypt.

F Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

G Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China.

* Correspondence to: abubakarpbg@yahoo.com

Handling Editor: Muhammad Nadeem

Functional Plant Biology 51, FP23253 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23253
Submitted: 23 October 2023  Accepted: 18 December 2023  Published: 25 January 2024

© 2024 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing

Abstract

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a grain crop that is an important source of protein, vitamins, carbohydrates and minerals. It is highly sensitive to salt stress, and salt damage to cellular homeostasis and protein folding affects production. Plants have several mechanisms to prevent cellular damages under abiotic stresses, such as proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (protein isulfide somerases (PDIs) and PDI-like proteins), which help prevent the build-up of mis-folded proteins that are damaged under abiotic stresses. In this study, we completed initial comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the chickpea PDI gene family. We found eight PDI genes are distributed on six out of eight chromosomes. Two pairs of paralogous genes were found to have segmental duplications. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the PDIs have a high degree of homology in C. arietinum, Cicer reticulatum, Lens culinaris, Phaseolus acutifolius, Pisum sativum and Oryza sativa. The gene structure analysis displayed that CaPDI1-CaPDI8 have 9–12 exons except for CaPDI5, which has 25 exons. Subcellular localisation indicated accumulation of CaPDIs in endoplasmic reticulum. Protein-conserved motifs and domain analysis demonstrated that thioredoxin domains of PDI family is present in all CaPDIs. CaPDI proteins have strong protein-protein interaction. In silico expression analysis showed that four out of eight PDI genes (CPDI2, CaPDI6, CaPDI7 and CaPDI8) were expressed under salt stress. Of these, expression of CaPDI2 and CaPDI8 was the highest. This work indicated that PDI genes are involved in salt stress tolerance in chickpea and the CaPDIs may be further studied for their role of inducing salt tolerance.

Keywords: bioinformatics breeding, CaPDI, climate change, food security, gene expression, nutritional imbalance, PCR, salt tolerance, seed formation.

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