Effects of sulfate on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris under zinc stress
Xiaoyan He A # , Shiling Liu A # , Xiaoqian Huang A , Fangming Yu A , Yi Li A , Furong Li
B * and Kehui Liu A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China.
B Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
* Correspondence to: 80850079@qq.com, coffeeleave@126.com
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Suleyman Allakhverdiev
Functional Plant Biology 50(9) 724-735 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP23054
Submitted: 17 March 2023 Accepted: 5 July 2023 Published: 7 August 2023
© 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
The effects of sulfate on the zinc (Zn) bioaccumulation characteristics and photophysiological mechanisms of the ornamental plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris were explored using a hydroponic culture under three Zn concentrations (300, 500 and 700 mg L−1) with (400 μmol L−1) or without the addition of sulfate. Results showed that: (1) tissue Zn concentrations and total Zn contents increased with increasing hydroponic culture Zn concentrations; and sulfate addition decreased Zn uptake and translocation from roots to shoots; (2) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment synthesis, while sulfate changed this phenomenon, especially for chlorophyll a under 300 mg L−1 Zn treatment; (3) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic function, while sulfate had positive effects, especially on the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs); and (4) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to light energy capture, transfer and assimilation were generally downregulated under Zn stress, while sulfate had a positive effect on these processes. Furthermore, compared to photosynthetic pigment synthesis and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was more responsive, especially under 300 mg L−1 Zn treatment with sulfate addition. In general, Zn stress affected photophysiological processes at different levels, while sulfate decreased Zn uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation and showed a positive function in alleviating Zn stress, ultimately resulting in plant growth promotion. All of these results provide a theoretical reference for combining H. vulgaris with sulfate application in the bioremediation of Zn-contaminated environments at the photophysiological level.
Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange parameters, H. vulgaris, hydroponic culture, photosynthetic pigments, pollution remediation, sulfate, zinc stress.
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