Seed priming with nitric oxide and/or spermine mitigate the chromium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings by improving the carbon-assimilation and minimising the oxidative damages
Farwa Basit A B # , Zaid Ulhassan B # , Qingshan Mou A B # , Muhammad Mudassar Nazir B , Jin Hu A B , Weimin Hu A B , Wenjian Song A B , Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy B , Weijun Zhou B , Javaid Akhter Bhat
C D * , Kaouthar Jeddi E , Kamel Hessini F and Yajing Guan A B *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Hainan Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
B Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
C International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang-212013, China.
D State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
E Laboratory of Plant Biodiversity and Dynamic of Ecosystems in Arid Area, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, B.P. 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
F Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
* Correspondence to: javid.akhter69@gmail.com, vcguan@zju.edu.cn
# These authors contributed equally to this paper
Handling Editor: Suleyman Allakhverdiev
Functional Plant Biology - https://doi.org/10.1071/FP21268
Submitted: 3 September 2021 Accepted: 3 December 2021 Published online: 21 January 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a serious environmental contaminant that drastically limited the crop yields. Nitric oxide (NO) and spermine (Spm) portrayal significance in improving the plant tolerance against abiotic stresses. Therefore, we investigate the protective efficacy of seed priming with NO (100 μM) and/or Spm (0.01 mM) in minimising the Cr-induced toxic effects in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants. Our outcomes revealed that Cr alone treatments (100 μM) notably reduced the seed germination rate, plant growth, photosynthetic apparatus, nutrients uptake and antioxidant defence system, but extra generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, the combine applications of NO and Spm significantly reversed the Cr-induced toxic effects by reducing the Cr-accumulation, maintaining the nutrient balance, improving the germination indices, levels of photosynthetic pigments (chl a by 24.6%, chl b by 36.3%, chl (a + b) by 57.2% and carotenoids by 79.4%), PSII, photosynthesis gas exchange parameters and total soluble sugar (74.9%) by improving antioxidative enzyme activities. As a result, NO + Spm lowered the accumulation of oxidative markers (H2O2 by 93.9/70.4%, O2˙− by 86.3/69.9% and MDA by 97.2/73.7% in leaves/roots), electrolyte leakage (71.4% in leaves) and improved the plant growth traits. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that NO triggers Spm to minimise the Cr-accumulation and its adverse effects on rice plants. Additionally, combined treatments (NO + Spm) were more effective in minimising the Cr-induced toxic effects in comparison to NO and Spm alone treatments. Thus, co-exposure of NO and Spm may be utilised to boost rice tolerance under Cr stress conditions.
Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, chromium, nitric oxide, photosynthesis, polyamines, reactive oxygen species, rice, seed priming.
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