Comparative analysis of the plastid conversion, photochemical activity and chlorophyll degradation in developing embryos of green-seeded and yellow-seeded pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars
Galina Smolikova
A H , Olga Shiroglazova A , Galina Vinogradova B , Irina Leppyanen C , Ekaterina Dinastiya D E F , Olga Yakovleva G , Elena Dolgikh C , Galina Titova B , Andrej Frolov D F and Sergei Medvedev A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
B Laboratory of Embryology and Reproductive Biology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
C Laboratory of Signal Regulation, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
D Department of Biochemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
E Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
F Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany.
G Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
H Corresponding author. Email: g.smolikova@spbu.ru
Functional Plant Biology 47(5) 409-424 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19270
Submitted: 20 September 2019 Accepted: 8 December 2019 Published: 25 March 2020
Abstract
Developing seeds of some higher plants are photosynthetically active and contain chlorophylls (Chl), which are typically destroyed at the late stages of seed maturation. However, in some crop plant cultivars, degradation of embryonic Chl remains incomplete, and mature seeds preserve green colour, as it is known for green-seeded cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The residual Chl compromise seed quality and represent a severe challenge for farmers. Hence, comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms, underlying incomplete Chl degradation is required for maintaining sustainable agriculture. Therefore, here we address dynamics of plastid conversion and photochemical activity alterations, accompanying degradation of Chl in embryos of yellow- and green-seeded cultivars Frisson and Rondo respectively. The yellow-seeded cultivar demonstrated higher rate of Chl degradation at later maturation stage, accompanied with termination of photochemical activity, seed dehydration and conversion of green plastids into amyloplasts. In agreement with this, expression of genes encoding enzymes of Chl degradation was lower in the green seeded cultivar, with the major differences in the levels of Chl b reductase (NYC1) and pheophytinase (PPH) transcripts. Thus, the difference between yellow and green seeds can be attributed to incomplete Chl degradation in the latter at the end of maturation period.
Additional keywords: chlorophylls, chloroplasts, embryogenesis, Pisum spp., photosynthesis, seed development.
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