Anatomical, morphological and growth responses of Thinopyrum ponticum plants subjected to partial and complete submergence during early stages of development
María del Rosario M. Iturralde Elortegui
A F , Germán D. Berone B C , Gustavo G. Striker D E , María J. Martinefsky A , María G. Monterubbianesi C and Silvia G. Assuero C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), AER Olavarría, Alsina 2642, B7400COJ Olavarría, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
B Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA Balcarce, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
C Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta Nacional 226 km 73.5, C.C. 276, B7620BKL Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
D IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Av. San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina.
E UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
F Corresponding author. Email: iturraldeelortegui.m@inta.gob.ar
Functional Plant Biology 47(8) 757-768 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19170
Submitted: 11 June 2019 Accepted: 25 March 2020 Published: 29 May 2020
Abstract
Seedling recruitment and growth of forage grasses in flood-prone grasslands is often impaired by submergence. We evaluate the responses of Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkw. & Dewey to partial and complete submergence at two early stages of development. Two greenhouse experiments were carried out with plants at three expanded leaves (Experiment 1) or five expanded leaves stage (Experiment 2). In each case, three treatments were applied for 14 days: control (C), partial submergence (PS; water level to half plant height), and complete submergence (CS; water level to 1.5 times plant height). Submergence was followed by a recovery period of 14 days at well drained conditions. Assessments included plant survival, height, leaf blade and pseudostem length, soluble carbohydrates in pseudostem, and shoot and root dry mass accumulation at the beginning and end of the submergence, and at the end of the recovery period. Root aerenchyma formation was determined on day 14 in both experiments. Under PS all plants survived, and the impact of the stress was related to the plants’ developmental stage. However, plants with five expanded leaves increased total plant biomass with respect to control by 48%, plants with three expanded leaves reduced it by the same percentage. This response could be related to a higher ability to form root aerenchyma (17 vs 10%), and an enhanced leaf de-submergence capacity due to promoted leaf blade and pseudostem lengthening. Complete submergence treatment compromised the survival of 70% of the individuals with three expanded leaves but did not affect the survival at the five expanded leaves stage. In any developmental stage (three or five expanded leaves) plants fail to promote enough elongation of leaf blades or pseudostems to emerge from the water, so that always remained below the water surface. Root aerenchyma was not increased by CS at either of these two plant developmental stages. The high amount and concentration of pseudostem total soluble carbohydrates of the larger (five expanded leaves) plants facilitated their recovery growth after submergence. Our results predict the successful introduction of this species in areas where water excesses can cause soil waterlogging or shallow-partial plant submergence, but suggest avoidance of areas prone to suffer high-intensity flooding that lead to full plant submergence as this would highly constrain plant recruitment.
Additional keywords: plant developmental stage, plant survival, recovery, root aerenchyma formation, soluble carbohydrates.
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