The barrier function of plant roots: biological bases for selective uptake and avoidance of soil compounds
Ramces De-Jesús-García A , Ulises Rosas B and Joseph G. Dubrovsky A CA Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenuenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico.
B Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, CDMX, Mexico.
C Corresponding author. Email: jdubrov@ibt.unam.mx
Functional Plant Biology 47(5) 383-397 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP19144
Submitted: 24 May 2019 Accepted: 16 December 2019 Published: 26 March 2020
Abstract
The root is the main organ through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant organism. In addition, root fulfils several other functions. Here, we propose that the root also performs the barrier function, which is essential not only for plant survival but for plant acclimation and adaptation to a constantly changing and heterogeneous soil environment. This function is related to selective uptake and avoidance of some soil compounds at the whole plant level. We review the toolkit of morpho-anatomical, structural, and other components that support this view. The components of the root structure involved in selectivity, permeability or barrier at a cellular, tissue, and organ level and their properties are discussed. In consideration of the arguments supporting barrier function of plant roots, evolutionary aspects of this function are also reviewed. Additionally, natural variation in selective root permeability is discussed which suggests that the barrier function is constantly evolving and is subject of natural selection.
Additional keywords: metal ions, natural variation, rhizosphere, root evolution, root function, selectivity.
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