In vitro cell wall extensibility controls age-related changes in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis hypocotyls
Dmitry Suslov A B , Alexander Ivakov C , Agnieszka K. Boron A and Kris Vissenberg A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Biology Department, Plant Growth and Development, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
B Saint Petersburg State University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
C Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia.
D Corresponding author. Email: kris.vissenberg@uantwerp.be
Functional Plant Biology 42(11) 1068-1079 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP15190
Submitted: 24 January 2015 Accepted: 5 September 2015 Published: 12 October 2015
Abstract
Plant cell growth is controlled by cell wall extensibility, which is currently estimated indirectly by various microtensile and nano/microindentation techniques. Their outputs differ in the accuracy of growth rate and in vivo extensibility prediction. Using the creep method we critically tested several metrics (creep rate, creep rate × stress–1, in vitro cell wall extensibility (ϕ) and in vitro cell wall yield threshold (y)) for their ability to predict growth rates of etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) hypocotyls. We developed novel approaches for ϕ and y determination and statistical analysis based on creep measurements under single loads coupled with wall stress calculation. The best indicator of growth rate was ϕ because the 3-fold developmental decrease in the growth rate of 4- vs 3-day-old hypocotyls was accompanied by a 3-fold decrease in ϕ determined at pH 5. Although the acid-induced expansin-mediated creep of cell walls resulted exclusively from increasing ϕ values, the decrease in ϕ between 3- and 4-day-old hypocotyls was not mediated by a decrease in expansin abundance. We give practical recommendations on the most efficient use of creep rate, creep rate × stress–1, ϕ and y in different experimental situations and provide scripts for their automated calculations and statistical comparisons.
Additional keywords: biomechanics, cell wall stress, creep test, expansion growth, yieldins.
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