Negative short-term salt effects on the soybean–Bradyrhizobium japonicum interaction and partial reversion by calcium addition
Nacira Muñoz A B , Marianela Rodriguez A , German Robert A B and Ramiro Lascano A B C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias-INTA, Camino a 60 Cuadras Km 5 y ½, Córdoba Argentina.
B Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, Córdoba Argentina.
C Corresponding author. Email: hrlascano@correo.inta.gov.ar
Functional Plant Biology 41(1) 96-105 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13085
Submitted: 5 September 2012 Accepted: 19 July 2013 Published: 5 September 2013
Abstract
The short-term (2 h) effects of salt stress (50 and 150 mM NaCl) on early events of soybean– Bradyrhizobium japonicum (rhizobia) interaction were analysed, determining the following parameters in root hair with or without calcium addition: deformation, apoplastic superoxide radical production (O2⚫–), root hair death and sodium/potassium ion content. We also analysed whether this short-term salt stress influenced later formation of crown and noncrown nodules, determining the number and weight of nodules. The negative effect of salt stress on these characters was attenuated by the addition of 5 mM CaCl2. We also analysed the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRP) genes PR-1, PR-2, PR-3, and four isoforms of PR-5. The expression of PR-2 increased under saline conditions and decreased in osmotic treatment and saline treatment supplemented with calcium in the presence of the symbiont. The changes in PR-2 expression levels, together with the death of root hairs provide a possible mechanism for the inhibition of infection by the symbiont under salinity, and suggests a possible overlap with responses to plant pathogens.
Additional keywords: ionic homeostasis, nodulation, pathogenic-related proteins, symbiotic interaction.
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