Tropical forest responses to increasing atmospheric CO2: current knowledge and opportunities for future research
Lucas A. Cernusak A H , Klaus Winter B , James W. Dalling C , Joseph A. M. Holtum B D , Carlos Jaramillo B , Christian Körner E , Andrew D. B. Leakey C , Richard J. Norby F , Benjamin Poulter G , Benjamin L. Turner B and S. Joseph Wright B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia.
B Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
C Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
D School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia.
E Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland.
F Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
G Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, Gif sur Yvette French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Atomic Energy Commission and the University of Versailles Saint-Quentin, 91191, France.
H Corresponding author. Email: lcernusak@gmail.com
Functional Plant Biology 40(6) 531-551 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP12309
Submitted: 20 October 2012 Accepted: 21 March 2013 Published: 16 May 2013
Journal Compilation © CSIRO Publishing 2013 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ca) will undoubtedly affect the metabolism of tropical forests worldwide; however, critical aspects of how tropical forests will respond remain largely unknown. Here, we review the current state of knowledge about physiological and ecological responses, with the aim of providing a framework that can help to guide future experimental research. Modelling studies have indicated that elevated ca can potentially stimulate photosynthesis more in the tropics than at higher latitudes, because suppression of photorespiration by elevated ca increases with temperature. However, canopy leaves in tropical forests could also potentially reach a high temperature threshold under elevated ca that will moderate the rise in photosynthesis. Belowground responses, including fine root production, nutrient foraging and soil organic matter processing, will be especially important to the integrated ecosystem response to elevated ca. Water use efficiency will increase as ca rises, potentially impacting upon soil moisture status and nutrient availability. Recruitment may be differentially altered for some functional groups, potentially decreasing ecosystem carbon storage. Whole-forest CO2 enrichment experiments are urgently needed to test predictions of tropical forest functioning under elevated ca. Smaller scale experiments in the understorey and in gaps would also be informative, and could provide stepping stones towards stand-scale manipulations.
Additional keywords: carbon storage, CO2 enrichment, liana, phosphorus, succession, water use efficiency.
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