Cytokinins – recent news and views of evolutionally old molecules
Lukáš Spíchal
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Email: lukas.spichal@upol.cz
This paper is part of an ongoing series: ‘The Evolution of Plant Functions’.
Functional Plant Biology 39(4) 267-284 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP11276
Submitted: 14 December 2011 Accepted: 6 March 2012 Published: 24 April 2012
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) are evolutionally old and highly conserved low-mass molecules that have been identified in almost all known organisms. In plants, they evolved into an important group of plant hormones controlling many physiological and developmental processes throughout the whole lifespan of the plant. CKs and their functions are, however, not unique to plants. In this review, the strategies and mechanisms of plants – and phylogenetically distinct plant-interacting organisms such as bacteria, fungi, nematodes and insects employing CKs or regulation of CK status in plants – are described and put into their evolutionary context. The major breakthroughs made in the last decade in the fields of CK biosynthesis, degradation and signalling are also summarised.
Additional keywords: biosynthesis, degradation, metabolism, signaling.
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