Does susceptibility to heat stress confound screening for drought tolerance in rice?
Krishna S. V. Jagadish A , Jill E. Cairns D , Arvind Kumar A , Impa M. Somayanda B and Peter Q. Craufurd C E F
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Biotechnology Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
B Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines.
C Plant Environment Laboratory, University of Reading, Cutbush Lane, Shinfield, Reading RG2 9AF, UK.
D Present address: Km. 45, Carretera Mexico-Veracruz El, Batan, Texcoco, Edo. de México, CP 56130 México.
E Agroecosystems, ICRISAT, Patancheru, AP 502324, India.
F Corresponding author. Email: p.craufurd@cgiar.org
Functional Plant Biology 38(4) 261-269 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP10224
Submitted: 20 November 2010 Accepted: 9 February 2011 Published: 8 April 2011
Abstract
Drought affected rice areas are predicted to double by the end of this century, demanding greater tolerance in widely adapted mega-varieties. Progress on incorporating better drought tolerance has been slow due to lack of appropriate phenotyping protocols. Furthermore, existing protocols do not consider the effect of drought and heat interactions, especially during the critical flowering stage, which could lead to false conclusion about drought tolerance. Screening germplasm and mapping-populations to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL)/candidate genes for drought tolerance is usually conducted in hot dry seasons where water supply can be controlled. Hence, results from dry season drought screening in the field could be confounded by heat stress, either directly on heat sensitive processes such as pollination or indirectly by raising tissue temperature through reducing transpirational cooling under water deficit conditions. Drought-tolerant entries or drought-responsive candidate genes/QTL identified from germplasm highly susceptible to heat stress during anthesis/flowering have to be interpreted with caution. During drought screening, germplasm tolerant to water stress but highly susceptible to heat stress has to be excluded during dry and hot season screening. Responses to drought and heat stress in rice are compared and results from field and controlled environment experiments studying drought and heat tolerance and their interaction are discussed.
Additional keywords: flowering, heat, spikelet fertility, tissue temperature.
References
Alberto MCR, Wassmann R, Hirano T, Miyata T, Kumar A, Padre A, Amante M (2009) CO2/heat fluxes in rice fields: comparative assessment of flooded and non-flooded fields in the Philippines. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 149, 1737–1750.| CO2/heat fluxes in rice fields: comparative assessment of flooded and non-flooded fields in the Philippines.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Allagulova ChR, Gimalov FR, Shakirova FM, Vakhitov VA (2003) The plant dehydrins: structure and putative functions. Biochemistry 68, 945–951.
Allah AAA, Ammar MH, Badawi AT (2010) Screening rice genotypes for drought resistance in Egypt. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science 2, 205–215.
Atlin GN, Lafitte HR (2002) Marker-assisted breeding versus direct selection for drought tolerance in rice. In ‘Field screening for drought tolerance in crop plants with emphasis on rice. Proceedings of an international workshop on field screening for drought tolerance in rice’. (Eds NP Saxena, JC O’Toole) pp. 71–82. (ICRISAT, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh: India)
Atlin GN, Lafitte HR, Tao D, Laza M, Amante M, Courtois B (2006) Developing rice cultivars for high-fertility upland systems in the Asian tropics. Field Crops Research 97, 43–52.
| Developing rice cultivars for high-fertility upland systems in the Asian tropics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Babu RC, Shashidhar HE, Lilley JM, Thanh ND, Ray JD, Sadasivam S, Sarkarang S, O’Toole JC, Nguyen HT (2001) Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems. Plant Breeding 120, 233–238.
| Variation in root penetration ability, osmotic adjustment and dehydration tolerance among accessions of rice adapted to rainfed lowland and upland ecosystems.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barnabás B, Jäger K, Fehär A (2008) The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant, Cell & Environment 31, 11–38.
Battisti DS, Naylor RL (2009) Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science 323, 240–244.
| Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhvFelsg%3D%3D&md5=690689edaf324c5135ea182bdb373b93CAS | 19131626PubMed |
Bernier J, Kumar A, Ramaiah V, Spaner D, Atlin GN (2007) A large-effect QTL for grain yield under reproductive-stage drought stress in upland rice. Crop Science 47, 507–516.
| A large-effect QTL for grain yield under reproductive-stage drought stress in upland rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Boonjung H, Fukai S (1996) Effects of soil water deficit at different growth stages on rice growth and yield under upland conditions. 2. Phenology, biomass production and yield. Field Crops Research 48, 47–55.
| Effects of soil water deficit at different growth stages on rice growth and yield under upland conditions. 2. Phenology, biomass production and yield.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Boonlertnirun S, Sarobol ED, Meechoui S, Sooksathan I (2007) Drought recovery and grain yield potential of rice after chitosan application. Kasetsart Journal: Natural Science 41, 1–6.
Ceccarelli S, Grando S, Baum M, Udupa SM (2004) Breeding for drought resistance in a changing climate. Challenges and strategies for dryland agriculture. CSSA Special Publication No. 32. Madison, WI, USA.
Champoux MC, Wang G, Sarkarung S, Mackill DJ, O’Toole JC, Huang N, McCouch SR (1995) Locating genes associated with root morphology and drought avoidance in rice via linkage to molecular markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 90, 969–981.
| Locating genes associated with root morphology and drought avoidance in rice via linkage to molecular markers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXnsF2rurg%3D&md5=2b92c1fe14a12bc3702b9c59ea6bd649CAS |
Cohen Y, Alchanatis V, Meron M, Saranga Y, Tsipris J (2005) Estimation of leaf water potential by thermal imagery and spatial analysis. Journal of Experimental Botany 56, 1843–1852.
| Estimation of leaf water potential by thermal imagery and spatial analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpvFKntL0%3D&md5=76bd5e4d4a41f03a499668f5d5bc5be0CAS | 15897226PubMed |
Craufurd PQ, Peacock JM (1993) Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum. Experimental Agriculture 29, 77–86.
| Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Craufurd PQ, Prasad PVV, Kakani VG, Wheeler TR, Nigam SN (2003) Heat tolerance in groundnut. Field Crops Research 80, 63–77.
| Heat tolerance in groundnut.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cruz RT, O’Toole JC (1984) Dry land rice response to an irrigation gradient at flowering stage. Journal of Agronomy 76, 178–183.
| Dry land rice response to an irrigation gradient at flowering stage.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ekanayake IJ, De Datta SK, Steponkus PL (1989) Spikelet sterility and flowering response of rice to water stress at anthesis. Annals of Botany 63, 257–264.
Fischer KS, Edmeades GO, Johnson EC (1989) Selection for the improvement of maize yield under moisture deficits. Field Crops Research 22, 227–243.
| Selection for the improvement of maize yield under moisture deficits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fitzgerald MA, Resurreccion AP (2009b) Maintaining the yield of edible rice in a warming world. Functional Plant Biology 36, 1037–1045.
| Maintaining the yield of edible rice in a warming world.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fitzgerald MA, McCouch SR, Hall RD (2009a) Not just a grain of rice: the quest for quality. Trends in Plant Science 14, 133–139.
| Not just a grain of rice: the quest for quality.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjtF2ltL4%3D&md5=73b4ad275396a37a35635e5d661dbfafCAS | 19230745PubMed |
Garrity DP, O’Toole JC (1994) Screening rice for drought resistance at the reproductive phase. Field Crops Research 39, 99–110.
| Screening rice for drought resistance at the reproductive phase.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Garrity DP, O’Toole JC (1995) Selection for reproductive stage drought avoidance in rice, using infrared thermometry. Agronomy Journal 87, 773–779.
| Selection for reproductive stage drought avoidance in rice, using infrared thermometry.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Gomez MS, Kumar SS, Jeyaprakash P, Suresh R, Biji KR, Boopathi NM, Price AH, Chandra Babu R (2006) Mapping QTLs linked to physio-morphological and plant production traits under drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the target environment. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2, 161–169.
| Mapping QTLs linked to physio-morphological and plant production traits under drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the target environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hittalmani S, Hamareddy BG, Shashidhar HE, Girish TN, Grace S, Selvi A, Vaishali MG, Nagabhushan K, Gowda A, Rudresh NS, Kumar S (2004) Impact of moisture stress at different reproductive stages of plant growth on grain yield parameters and marker assisted QTL pyramiding for root length in rice. In ‘Resilient crops for water limited environments. Proceedings of a workshop held at Cuernavaca, CIMMYT, Mexico’. (Eds DA Poland, M Sawkins, JM Ribaut, D Hosington) (CIMMYT: Mexico)
IPCC (2007) Summary for policy makers. In: ‘Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.’ (Eds SD Solomon, M Qin, Z Manning, M Chen, M Marquis, KB Avery, M Tignor, HL Miller) (Cambridge University Press: UK)
Ishimaru T, Hirabayashi H, Ida M, Takai T, San-Oh YA, Yoshinaga S, Ando I, Ogawa T, Kondo M (2010) A genetic resource for early-morning flowering trait of wild rice Oryza officinalis to mitigate high temperature-induced spikelet sterility at anthesis. Annals of Botany 106, 515–520.
| A genetic resource for early-morning flowering trait of wild rice Oryza officinalis to mitigate high temperature-induced spikelet sterility at anthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20566680PubMed |
Jagadish SVK, Craufurd PQ, Wheeler TR (2007) High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 58, 1627–1635.
| High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXmsFeju7c%3D&md5=f50c7b6539ae5dedc7d62ef5979b4b65CAS | 17431025PubMed |
Jagadish SVK, Craufurd PQ, Wheeler TR (2008) Phenotyping parents of mapping populations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for heat tolerance during anthesis. Crop Science 48, 1140–1146.
| Phenotyping parents of mapping populations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) for heat tolerance during anthesis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jagadish SVK, Muthurajan R, Oane R, Wheeler TR, Heuer S, Bennett J, Crafurd PQ (2010a) Physiological and proteomic approaches to dissect reproductive stage heat tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 61, 143–156.
| Physiological and proteomic approaches to dissect reproductive stage heat tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFGgu7fJ&md5=be09a1b65f551eb549b61fa2616b2415CAS | 19858118PubMed |
Jagadish SVK, Cairns J, Lafitte R, Wheeler TR, Price AH, Craufurd PQ (2010b) Genetic analysis of heat tolerance at anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Science 50, 1633–1641.
| Genetic analysis of heat tolerance at anthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1Omur7P&md5=0166834c8b8050aacca2e42660cdc7e4CAS |
Jongdee B, Fukai S, Cooper M (2002) Leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment as physiological traits to improve drought tolerance in rice. Field Crops Research 76, 153–163.
| Leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment as physiological traits to improve drought tolerance in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jongdee B, Pantuwan G, Fukai S, Fischer K (2006) Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice: an example from Thailand. Agricultural Water Management 80, 225–240.
| Improving drought tolerance in rainfed lowland rice: an example from Thailand.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kakani VG, Prasad PVV, Craufurd PQ, Wheeler TR (2002) Response of in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to temperature. Plant, Cell & Environment 25, 1651–1661.
| Response of in vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) genotypes to temperature.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kobata T, Uemuki N (2004) High temperatures during the grain-filling period do not reduce the potential grain dry matter increase of rice. Agronomy Journal 96, 406–414.
| High temperatures during the grain-filling period do not reduce the potential grain dry matter increase of rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kumar R, Venuprasad R, Atlin GN (2007) Genetic analysis of rainfed lowland rice drought tolerance under naturally-occurring stress in eastern India: heritability and QTL effects. Field Crops Research 103, 42–52.
| Genetic analysis of rainfed lowland rice drought tolerance under naturally-occurring stress in eastern India: heritability and QTL effects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kumar A, Bernier J, Verulkar S, Lafitte HR, Atlin GN (2008) Breeding for drought tolerance: direct selection for yield, response to selection and use of drought-tolerant donors in upland and lowland-adapted populations. Field Crops Research 107, 221–231.
| Breeding for drought tolerance: direct selection for yield, response to selection and use of drought-tolerant donors in upland and lowland-adapted populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lafitte HR, Courtois B, Arradeau M (2002) Genetic improvement of rice in aerobic systems: progress from yield to genes. Field Crops Research 75, 171–190.
| Genetic improvement of rice in aerobic systems: progress from yield to genes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lafitte HR, Price AH, Courtois B (2004) Yield responses to water deficit in an upland rice mapping population: associations among traits and genetic markers. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 109, 1237–1246.
| Yield responses to water deficit in an upland rice mapping population: associations among traits and genetic markers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2crhvFGiug%3D%3D&md5=a666cc704fe9e50d0c9f0cbe6c7526aaCAS | 15490102PubMed |
Lilley JM, Fukai S (1994) Effect of timing and severity of water deficit on four diverse rice cultivars. 1. Rooting pattern and soil water extraction. Field Crops Research 37, 205–213.
| Effect of timing and severity of water deficit on four diverse rice cultivars. 1. Rooting pattern and soil water extraction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Liu JX, Bennett J (2010) Reversible and irreversible drought-induced changes in the anther proteome of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes IR64 and Moroberekan. Molecular Plant
| Reversible and irreversible drought-induced changes in the anther proteome of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes IR64 and Moroberekan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20643753PubMed |
Liu JX, Liao DQ, Oane R, Estenor L, Yang XE, Li ZC, Bennett J (2006) Genetic variation in the sensitivity of anther dehiscence to drought stress in rice. Field Crops Research 97, 87–100.
| Genetic variation in the sensitivity of anther dehiscence to drought stress in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Long SP, Ort DR (2010) More than taking the heat: crops and global change. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 13, 240–247.
| More than taking the heat: crops and global change.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mackill DJ, Coffman WR, Garrity DP (1996) Varietal improvement for rainfed lowland rice in south and southeast Asia: results of a survey. In ‘Rainfed lowland rice improvement’. p. 242. (International Rice Research Institute: Manila, Philippines)
Maclean JL, Dawe DC, Hardy B, Hettel GP (2003) ‘Rice almanac.’ 3rd edn. (International Rice Research Institute: Los Banos, Philippines)
Matsui T, Omasa K (2002) Rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars tolerant to high temperature at flowering: anther characteristics. Annals of Botany 89, 683–687.
| Rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivars tolerant to high temperature at flowering: anther characteristics.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 12102523PubMed |
Matsui T, Namuco OS, Ziska LH, Horie T (1997a) Effect of high temperature and CO2 concentration on spikelet sterility in indica rice. Field Crops Research 51, 213–219.
| Effect of high temperature and CO2 concentration on spikelet sterility in indica rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Matsui T, Omasa K, Horie T (1997b) High temperature induced florets sterility of japonica rice at flowering in relation to air temperature, humidity and wind velocity condition. Nihon Sakumotsu Gakkai Kiji 66, 449–455.
Matsui T, Omasa K, Horie T (2000) High temperature at flowering inhibits swelling of pollen grains, a driving force for thecae dehiscence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Production Science 3, 430–434.
| High temperature at flowering inhibits swelling of pollen grains, a driving force for thecae dehiscence in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mittler R (2006) Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends in Plant Science 11, 15–19.
| Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjvVKjsw%3D%3D&md5=b58fe7739da8e81bba91f136c2d63375CAS | 16359910PubMed |
Moffat AS (2002) Plant genetics: finding new ways to protect drought-stricken plants. Science 296, 1226–1229.
| Plant genetics: finding new ways to protect drought-stricken plants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xjslyhur8%3D&md5=6422ba3f8f0dffeb381a0eda5b988206CAS | 12016289PubMed |
Nguyen GN, Hailstones DL, Wilkes M, Sutton BG (2009) Drought-induced oxidative conditions in rice anthers leading to a programmed cell death and pollen abortion. Journal Agronomy & Crop Science 195, 157–164.
| Drought-induced oxidative conditions in rice anthers leading to a programmed cell death and pollen abortion.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnsF2jtr0%3D&md5=5b43c2a853f6937e6c9f398fb03e52a6CAS |
O’Toole JC, Namuco OS (1983) Role of panicle exertion in water-stress induced sterility. Crop Science 23, 1093–1097.
| Role of panicle exertion in water-stress induced sterility.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ouk M, Basnayake J, Tsubo M, Fukai S, Fischer KS, Cooper M, Nesbitt M (2006) Use of drought response index for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in rainfed lowland rice. Field Crops Research 99, 48–58.
| Use of drought response index for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in rainfed lowland rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pandey S, Bhandari H, Hardy B (2007) ‘Economic costs of drought and rice farmers. Coping mechanisms: a cross-country comparative analysis.’ (International Rice Research Institute: Manila, Philippines)
Pantuwan G, Fukai S, Cooper M, Rajatasereekul S, O’Toole JC (2002a) Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought under rainfed lowlands. 3. Plant factors contributing to drought resistance. Field Crops Research 73, 181–200.
| Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought under rainfed lowlands. 3. Plant factors contributing to drought resistance.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pantuwan G, Fukai S, Cooper M, Rajatasereekul S, O’Toole JC (2002b) Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to different types of drought under rainfed lowlands. II. Selection of drought resistance genotypes. Field Crops Research 73, 169–180.
| Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes to different types of drought under rainfed lowlands. II. Selection of drought resistance genotypes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pinheiro B da S, De Castro E da M, Guimaräes CM (2006) Sustainability and profitability of aerobic rice production in Brazil. Field Crops Research 97, 34–42.
| Sustainability and profitability of aerobic rice production in Brazil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pinto RS, Reynolds MP, Mathews KL, McIntyre CL, Olivares-Villegas JJ, Chapman SC (2010) Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 121, 1001–1021.
| Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 20523964PubMed |
Pnueli L, Hallak-Herr E, Rozenberg M, Cohen M, Goloubinoff P, Kaplan A, Mittler R (2002) Mechanisms of dormancy and drought tolerance in the desert legume Retama raetam. The Plant Journal 31, 319–330.
| Mechanisms of dormancy and drought tolerance in the desert legume Retama raetam.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntFelsLc%3D&md5=ca241904ec9898a87b836bdc47942e9dCAS | 12164811PubMed |
Prasad PVV, Boote KJ, Allen LH, Sheehy JE, Thomas JMG (2006) Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress. Field Crops Research 95, 398–411.
| Species, ecotype and cultivar differences in spikelet fertility and harvest index of rice in response to high temperature stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rang ZW, Jagadish SVK, Zhou QM, Craufurd PQ, Heuer S (2011) Effect of heat and drought stress on pollen germination and spikelet fertility in rice. Environmental and Experimental Botany 70, 58–65.
| Effect of heat and drought stress on pollen germination and spikelet fertility in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rizhsky L, Hongjian L, Mittler R (2002) The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco. Plant Physiology 130, 1143–1151.
| The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovVOnu7c%3D&md5=8188da9cb2abfb69399b32094059f38eCAS | 12427981PubMed |
Rizhsky L, Liang H, Shuman J, Shulaev V, Davletova S, Mittler R (2004) When defense pathways collide: the response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress. Plant Physiology 134, 1683–1696.
| When defense pathways collide: the response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFKmsbs%3D&md5=fa4684ef21fe76ef8319d9fca131e9c3CAS | 15047901PubMed |
Saini HS, Aspinall D (1982) Abnormal sporogenesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) induced by short period of high temperature. Annals of Botany 49, 835–846.
Savin R, Nicolas ME (1996) Effects of short periods of drought and high temperature on grain growth and starch accumulation of two malting barley cultivars. Journal of Plant Physiology 23, 201–210.
Selote DS, Chopra RK (2004) Drought induced spikelet sterility is associated with an inefficient antioxidant defense in rice panicles. Physiologia Plantarum 121, 462–471.
| Drought induced spikelet sterility is associated with an inefficient antioxidant defense in rice panicles.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXlvFOitbk%3D&md5=5e74c3cf583d428aa0481975ebedac7fCAS |
Shah N, Paulsen G (2003) Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat. Plant and Soil 257, 219–226.
| Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1Cmurc%3D&md5=f287029e6a35919b7f7154f0c16dd7ccCAS |
Sharma N, Shashidhar HS, Hittalmani S (2002) Root length specific SCAR marker in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice Genetics Newsletter 19, 47–49.
Sheehy JE, Elmido A, Centeno G, Pablico P (2005) Searching for new plants for climate change. Journal of Agriculture Meteorology 60, 463–468.
Sheoran IS, Saini HS (1996) Drought induced male sterility in rice: changes in carbohydrate levels and enzyme activities associated with inhibition of starch accumulation in pollen. Sexual Plant Reproduction 9, 161–169.
| Drought induced male sterility in rice: changes in carbohydrate levels and enzyme activities associated with inhibition of starch accumulation in pollen.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Siddiq EA (2006) Field crops: rice. In ‘Handbook of agriculture’. pp. 817–844. (Indian Council of Agricultural Research: New Delhi)
Singh VP, Singh RK, Singh BB, Seigler RS (1996) Physiology of stress tolerance in rice. In ‘Proceedings of the International Conference on Stress Physiology of Rice, Lucknow, UP India’. (International Rice Research Institute: Los Banos, Philippines)
Steele KA, Virk DS, Kumar R, Prasad SC, Witcombe JR (2007) Field evaluation of upland rice lines selected for QTLs controlling root traits. Field Crops Research 101, 180–186.
| Field evaluation of upland rice lines selected for QTLs controlling root traits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Takeoka Y, Hiroi K, Kitano H, Wada T (1991) Pistil hyperplasia in rice spikelets as affected by heat-stress. Sexual Plant Reproduction 4, 39–43.
| Pistil hyperplasia in rice spikelets as affected by heat-stress.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Takeoka Y, Al Mamun A, Wada T, Kaufman PB (1992) Primary features of the effect of environmental stress on rice spikelet morphogenesis. Reproductive adaptation of rice to environmental Stress. Developments in Crop Science 22, 113–141.
Vani B, Pardha Saradhi P, Mohanty P (2001) Alteration in chloroplast structure and thylakoid membrane composition due to in vivo heat treatment of rice seedlings: correlation with the functional changes. Journal of Plant Physiology 158, 583–592.
| Alteration in chloroplast structure and thylakoid membrane composition due to in vivo heat treatment of rice seedlings: correlation with the functional changes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1Gitrw%3D&md5=2f1b6381b59c74377d240c0bb10ae20cCAS |
Vara Prasad PV, Craufurd PQ, Summerfield KJ, Wheeler TR (2000) Effects of short episodes of heat stress on flower production and fruit-set of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 51, 777–784.
| Effects of short episodes of heat stress on flower production and fruit-set of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 10938870PubMed |
Vara Prasad PV, Craufurd PQ, Kakani VG, Wheeler TR, Boote KJ (2001) Influence of high temperature during pre- and post-anthesis stages of floral development on fruit-set and pollen germination in peanut. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 28, 233–240.
Vara Prasad PV, Boote KJ, Hartwell LA (2006) Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 139, 237–251.
| Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Venuprasad R, Lafitte HR, Atlin GN (2007) Response to direct selection for grain yield under drought stress in rice. Crop Science 47, 285–293.
| Response to direct selection for grain yield under drought stress in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Venuprasad R, Sta Cruz MT, Amante M, Magbanua R, Kumar A, Atlin GN (2008) Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations. Field Crops Research 107, 232–244.
| Response to two cycles of divergent selection for grain yield under drought stress in four rice breeding populations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Verulkar SB, Mandal NP, Dwivedi JL, Singh BN, Sinha PK, Mahato RN, Dongre P, Singh ON, Bose LK, Swain P, Robin S, Chandrababu R, Senthil S, Jain A, Shashidhar HE, Hittalmani S, Vera Cruz C, Paris T,, Raman A, Haefele S, Serraj R, Atlin G, Kumar A (2010) Breeding resilient and productive genotypes adapted to drought-prone rainfed ecosystem of India. Field Crops Research 117, 197–208.
| Breeding resilient and productive genotypes adapted to drought-prone rainfed ecosystem of India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Virk DS, Singh DN, Prasad SC, Gangwar JS, Witcombe JR (2003) Collaborative and consultative participatory plant breeding of rice for the rainfed uplands of eastern India. Euphytica 132, 95–108.
| Collaborative and consultative participatory plant breeding of rice for the rainfed uplands of eastern India.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wassmann R, Jagadish SVK, Sumfleth K, Pathak H, Howell G, Ismail A, Serraj R, Redona E, Singh RK, Heuer S (2009) Regional vulnerability of climate change impacts on Asian rice production and scope for adaptation. Advances in Agronomy 102, 91–133.
| Regional vulnerability of climate change impacts on Asian rice production and scope for adaptation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Weerakoon WMV, Maruyama A, Ohba K (2008) Impact of humidity on temperature-induced grain sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal Agronomy & Crop Science 194, 135–140.
| Impact of humidity on temperature-induced grain sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yoshida S, Satake T, Mackill DS (1981) High temperature stress in rice. IRRI Research Paper Series, 67.
Zhang W, Han Y, Du H (2007) Relationship between canopy temperature at flowering stage and soil water content, yield components in rice. Rice Science 14, 67–70.
| Relationship between canopy temperature at flowering stage and soil water content, yield components in rice.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFWitbnK&md5=68b0df8b060b21afc6be4913a3cd3a3cCAS |
