Improved plant nitrogen nutrition contributes to higher water use efficiency in tomatoes under alternate partial root-zone irrigation
Yaosheng Wang A C , Fulai Liu A , Mathias N. Andersen B and Christian R. Jensen AA Department of Agriculture and Ecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
B Department of Agroecology and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
C Corresponding author. Email: yawa@life.ku.dk
Functional Plant Biology 37(2) 175-182 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP09181
Submitted: 19 July 2009 Accepted: 16 September 2009 Published: 3 February 2010
Abstract
Comparative effects of partial root-zone irrigation (PRI) and deficit irrigation (DI) on stomatal conductance (gs), nitrogen accumulation and distribution in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants were investigated in a split-root pot experiment. Results showed that both PRI and DI saved 25% water and led to 10.0% and 17.5% decreases in dry biomass, respectively, compared with the fully irrigated (FI) controls. Consequently, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 18.6% and 10.8% in the PRI and DI plants, respectively. The highest WUE in the PRI plants was associated with the highest carbon isotope composition (δ13C), indicating that the improvement of WUE might have been a result of long-term optimisation of stomatal control over gas exchange. The constantly higher xylem sap ABA concentration in PRI compared with DI plants was seemingly responsible for the greater control over stomatal conductance during the treatment. At the end of the experiment, N accumulation and 15N recovery was highest in FI, intermediate in PRI and lowest in DI. In addition, PRI plants consistently allocated more N into the upper and middle leaf layers than in the FI and DI treatments. The improved N nutrition and distribution in the canopy may indicate that PRI plants have a greater photosynthetic capacity than DI plants; this is confirmed by the observed positive linear relationship between specific leaf N content and δ13C. It is concluded that PRI improves N nutrition and optimises N distribution in the canopy, which might have been partly contributed to the high WUE in PRI tomato plants.
Additional keywords: abscisic acid, carbon isotope composition, deficit irrigation, Lycopersicon esculentum, 15N labelling, nitrogen use efficiency, stomatal regulation.
Acknowledgements
This study was partly supported by the European Commission FP7 project SAFIR (FOOD-CT-2005–023168). Technical assistant by Jens Bertelsen is gratefully acknowledged.
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