Improved elongation of Scots pine seedlings under blue light depletion is not dependent on resource acquisition
Marian Sarala A E , Erja Taulavuori A , Jouni Karhu B , Eira-Maija Savonen C , Kari Laine D , Eero Kubin B and Kari Taulavuori AA Department of Biology, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
B Muhos Research Station, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Kirkkosaarentie 7, FIN-91500 Muhos, Finland.
C Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Station, Kaironiementie 54, FIN-39700 Parkano, Finland.
D Thule-Institute, University of Oulu, PO Box 7300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland.
E Corresponding author. Email: marian.sarala@oulu.fi
Functional Plant Biology 36(8) 742-751 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP09012
Submitted: 13 January 2009 Accepted: 12 June 2009 Published: 23 July 2009
Abstract
Removal of blue light (400–500 nm) induced shoot elongation of 2-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings, which was not related to resource acquisition (carbohydrates, C/N ratio and soluble proteins) and frost hardening. The seedlings were grown in northern Finland (64°N) in plexiglass chambers, either orange in colour or transparent, during elongation and cold hardening periods in 2001. The orange chamber removed the blue wavelengths. The results suggest that the growth inhibiting effect of blue light on Scots pine elongation is probably a photomorphogenic regulation response; the removal of blue light did not affect the gas exchange and accumulation of growth resources. In addition, the removal of blue light also did not affect the physiological parameters (pigment composition, chlorophyll fluorescence and lipid peroxidation) measured during the preparation for winter.
Additional keywords: frost hardening, gas exchange, photomorphogenesis, pigments.
Acknowledgements
We thank Osmo Murtovaara, Kalervo Kylmänen, Juha Kubin, and Kuisma Ranta for technical assistance, Tarja Törmänen for assistance in the laboratory and Aaron Bergdahl for improving the language. We are also grateful to MSc Pertti Hyvönen, who developed and built the light-detecting equipment. The Academy of Finland and the Finnish Forest Research Institute financially supported the work.
Beutler H-O,
Michal G, Beistlingl L
(1978) Enzymatische Analyse von komplexen Kohlenhydratgemischen. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau 74, 413–434.
Bradford MM
(1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
PubMed |
de la Rosa TM,
Aphalo PJ, Lehto T
(1998) Effects of far-red light on the growth, mycorrhizas and mineral nutrition of Scots pine seedlings. Plant and Soil 201, 17–25.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Dhindsa RS,
Plumb-Dhindsa P, Thorpe TA
(1981) Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany 32, 93–101.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Ericsson A
(1979) Effects of fertilization and irrigation on the seasonal changes of carbohydrate reserves in different age-classes of needle on 20-year-old Scots pine trees (Pinus silvestris). Physiologia Plantarum 45, 270–280.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Fernbach E, Mohr H
(1990) Coaction of blue/ultraviolet-A light and light absorbed by phytochrome in controlling growth of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings. Planta 180, 212–216.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hari P, Leikola M
(1974) Further development of the dynamic growth model of plant height growth. Flora 163, 357–370.
Hari P,
Kellomäki S, Vuokko R
(1977) A dynamic approach to the analysis of daily height growth of plants. Oikos 28, 234–241.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Heath RL, Packer L
(1968) Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 125, 189–198.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
PubMed |
Helmisaari H-S
(1990) Temporal variation in nutrient concentrations of Pinus sylvestris needles. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 5, 177–193.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hertz M
(1929) Huomioita männyn ja kuusen pituuskehityksen vuotuisesta ja vuorokautisesta jaksosta. Acta Forestalia Fennica 34(18), 1–26.
Hodges DM,
deLong JM,
Forney CF, Prange RK
(1999) Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta 207, 604–611.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Kanninen M
(1985) Shoot elongation in Scots pine: diurnal variations and response to temperature. Journal of Experimental Botany 36, 1760–1770.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kanninen M,
Pohja T, Siivola E
(1985) A photographic system for measuring shoot elongation in tree seedlings and relation to solar radiation and temperature. Growth 49, 44–50.
|
CAS |
PubMed |
Kontunen-Soppela S,
Taulavuori K,
Taulavuori E,
Lähdesmäki P, Laine K
(2000) Soluble proteins and dehydrins in nitrogen-fertilized Scots pine seedlings during deacclimation and onset of growth. Physiologia Plantarum 109, 404–409.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Kytöviita M-M,
Le Thiec D, Dizengremel P
(2001) Elevated CO2 and ozone reduce nitrogen acquisition by Pinus halepensis from its mycorrhizal symbiont. Physiologia Plantarum 111, 305–312.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Laitinen K,
Luomala E-M,
Kellomäki S, Vapaavuori E
(2000) Carbon assimilation and nitrogen in needles of fertilized and unfertilized field-grown Scots pine at natural and elevated concentrations of CO2. Tree Physiology 20, 881–892.
| PubMed |
Maleszewski S,
Niemyjska E, Kozlowska-Szerenos B
(2001) Carbon dioxide assimilation, transpiration, and leaf conductance of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under blue and red radiation. Photosynthetica 39(2), 233–237.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Manninen S,
Le Thiec D,
Rose C,
Nourrison G,
Garrec JP, Huttunen S
(1999) Pigment concentrations and ratios of aleppo pine seedlings exposed to ozone. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 116, 333–338.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Murthy R,
Dougherty PM,
Zarnoch SJ, Allen HL
(1996) Effects of carbon dioxide, fertilization, and irrigation on photosynthetic capacity of loblolly pine trees. Tree Physiology 16, 537–546.
| PubMed |
Näsholm T, Ericsson A
(1990) Seasonal changes in amino acids, protein and total nitrogen in needles of fertilized Scots pine trees. Tree Physiology 6, 267–281.
| PubMed |
Öquist G, Huner NPA
(2003) Photosynthesis of overwintering evergreen plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 54, 329–355.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Ottander C,
Campbell D, Öquist G
(1995) Seasonal changes in photosystem II organization and pigment composition in Pinus sylvestris. Planta 197, 176–183.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Parks BM,
Folta KM, Spalding EP
(2001) Photocontrol of stem growth. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 4, 436–440.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
PubMed |
Pietarinen I,
Kanninen M,
Hari P, Kellomäki S
(1982) A simulation model for daily growth of shoots, needles, and stem diameter in Scots pine trees. Forest Science 28, 573–581.
Sarala M,
Taulavuori K,
Taulavuori E,
Karhu J, Laine K
(2007) Elongation of Scots pine seedlings is independent of etiolation. Environmental and Experimental Botany 60, 340–343.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Smith H
(1995) Physiological and ecological function within the phytochrome family. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46, 289–315.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Soukupova J,
Cvikrova M,
Albrechtova J,
Rock BN, Eder J
(2000) Histochemical and biochemical approaches to the study of phenolic compounds and peroxidases in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies). New Phytologist 146, 403–414.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
Taulavuori K,
Niinimaa A,
Laine K,
Taulavuori E, Lähdesmäki P
(1997) Modelling frost resistance of Scots pine seedlings using temperature, daylength and pH of cell effusate. Plant Ecology 133, 181–189.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taulavuori K,
Taulavuori E,
Sarjala T,
Savonen E-M,
Pietiläinen P,
Lähdesmäki P, Laine K
(2000)
In vivo Chlorophyll fluorescence is not always a good indicator of cold hardiness. Journal of Plant Physiology 157, 227–229.
|
CAS |
Taulavuori E,
Hellström E-K,
Taulavuori K, Laine K
(2001) Comparison of two methods used to analyze lipid peroxidation from Vaccinium myrtillus (L.) during snow removal, reacclimation and cold acclimation. Journal of Experimental Botany 52, 2375–2380.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
PubMed |
Taulavuori KMJ,
Taulavuori EB,
Skre O,
Nilsen J,
Igeland B, Laine K
(2004a) Dehardening of mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) ecotypes at elevated winter temperatures. New Phytologist 162, 427–436.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Taulavuori E,
Tahkokorpi M,
Taulavuori K, Laine K
(2004b) Anthocyanins and glutathione S-tranferase activities in response to low temperature and frost hardening in Vaccinium myrtillus (L.). Journal of Plant Physiology 161, 903–911.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
CAS |
PubMed |
Taulavuori K,
Sarala M,
Karhu J,
Taulavuori E,
Kubin E,
Laine K,
Poikolainen J, Pesonen E
(2005) Elongation of Scots pine seedlings under blue light depletion. Silva Fennica 39(1), 131–136.
Taulavuori K,
Sarala M, Taulavuori E
(2010) Growth responses of arctic trees to changing light environment. Progress in Botany in press. ,
Wang K,
Kellomäki S, Laitinen K
(1995) Effects of needle age, long-term temperature and CO2 treatments on the photosynthesis of Scots pine. Tree Physiology 15(4), 211–218.
| PubMed |
Warrington IJ,
Rook DA,
Morgan DC, Turnbull HL
(1988) The influence of simulated shadelight and daylight on growth, development and photosynthesis of Pinus radiata, Agathis australis and Dacrydium cupressinum. Plant, Cell & Environment 11, 343–356.
Wellburn AR
(1994) The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution. Journal of Plant Physiology 144, 307–313.
|
CAS |
