Regulation of Ku gene promoters in Arabidopsis by hormones and stress
Wen-Chi Chang A C , Yung-Kai Wang A C , Pei-Feng Liu A , Yu-Fang Tsai A , Lih-Ren Kong B , Chi-Kai Lin A , Chang-Hsien Yang B and Rong-Long Pan A DA Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan.
B Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
C These authors contributed equally to this work.
D Corresponding author. Email: rlpan@life.nthu.edu.tw
Functional Plant Biology 35(4) 265-280 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP07249
Submitted: 24 October 2007 Accepted: 29 April 2008 Published: 3 June 2008
Abstract
The Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer plays a crucial role in non-homologous end-joining during DNA repair, and is also involved in multiple cellular processes such as telomere maintenance, transcription, and apoptosis. In this study, we investigate the regulation of AtKu genes in higher plants. Promoters of the AtKu70 and AtKu80 were isolated from Arabidopsis and their activities characterised using GUS reporter constructs. AtKu promoter activities were relatively higher in hypocotyls and cotyledons upon germination and in stigma and siliques as well at their early developing stages. Furthermore, AtKu promoter activities could be enhanced by gibberellic acid, auxins, and jasmonic acid, but repressed by abscisic acid, salicylic acid, heat, drought and cold, respectively. Deletion analysis demonstrates minimal lengths of ~400 bp and 600 bp upstream of transcription start site for functional promoters of AtKu70 and AtKu80, respectively. Taken together, expressions of Ku genes are regulated both by developmental programs as well as by plant hormones and environmental stresses.
Additional keywords: DNA end-binding, environmental stress, GUS staining, Ku protein, phytohormone, promoter analysis.
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely appreciate the National Science Council of the Republic of China for financially supporting this research under Contract Numbers of NSC90–2311-B-007-B30, NSC91–2311-B-007–034, and NSC95–2311-B-007–004. We thank Dr Shu-Hsing Wu for critical reading of the manuscript. In addition, we thank Drs Tsai-Yun Lin and Ning-Sun Yang for their technical assistance and suggestions in this work.
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