Phylogenetic relationship of potato CAT1 and CAT2 genes, their differential expression in non-photosynthetic organs and during leaf development, and their association with different cellular processes
Isabel Santos A B C , Helena Pires B , José M. Almeida A B , Fernanda Fidalgo A B , Ana Confraria B , Márcia Duarte B , Júlio Borlido B and Roberto Salema BA Botany Department, School of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 1191, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
B Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
C Corresponding author. Email: isantos@ibmc.up.pt
Functional Plant Biology 33(7) 639-651 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP06024
Submitted: 23 January 2006 Accepted: 30 March 2006 Published: 3 July 2006
Abstract
Plants contain multiple forms of catalase (CAT) and their specific functions remain uncertain. We cloned two potato cDNAs corresponding to CAT1 and CAT2 genes, analysed their phylogenetic relationship, and studied their expression and activity in different organs to gain clues to their functions. Phylogenetic trees and the alignment of CAT cDNA sequences provided evidence that CAT1 and CAT2 genes have high identity to catalases of other solanaceous species, but are not phylogenetically closely related to one another, which contradicts the phylogenetic closeness ascribed to these genes. Northern blot analyses revealed that expression of CAT genes is controlled by leaf developmental phase. CAT2 expression was higher in both very young and senescent leaves, whereas CAT1 mRNA accumulated mainly in mature leaf, where the lowest CAT2 expression occurred. CAT1 and CAT2 are also differentially expressed in root, sprout and petal. Expression and activity patterns are consistent with different physiological roles for CAT1 and CAT2 isoforms. CAT1 is considered to be associated with photorespiration whereas CAT2 would fulfill physiological roles unrelated to this process. CAT2 appears to be a multifunctional isoform, associated with glyoxysomal activity in leaf senescence, other processes in non-photosynthetic organs and defence, functions that in other solanaceous species are fulfilled by two different isoforms.
Keywords: catalase gene expression; catalase genes relationship; potato catalase genes.
Acknowledgments
We thank Drs Jorge Vieira, Cristina Vieira and Ramiro Morales-Hojas for making possible the parsimony analysis of the nucleotide sequences and for helpful comments. We thank Dr Robert Graveland from HZPC Holland B.V. Research & Development, The Netherlands, for the gift of potato seeds. This work was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT, Lisboa, Portugal: project POCTI / BME / 33044 / 2000).
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