Phylloxera-infested grapevines have reduced chlorophyll and increased photoprotective pigment content — can leaf pigment composition aid pest detection?
Annette L. Blanchfield A B , Sharon A. Robinson C E , Luigi J. Renzullo B D and Kevin S. Powell A BA Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, Rutherglen Centre, RMB 1145, Chiltern Valley Road, Rutherglen, Vic. 3685, Australia.
B Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, PO Box 154, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
C Institute for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
D CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1666, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: sharonr@uow.edu.au
F This paper originates from a presentation at ECOFIZZ 2005, North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, Australia, November 2005.
Functional Plant Biology 33(5) 507-514 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP05315
Submitted: 20 December 2005 Accepted: 6 March 2006 Published: 2 May 2006
Abstract
Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a root-feeding pest of grapevines. In Australia, phylloxera-infested vineyards are subjected to quarantine restrictions and early detection remains vital for the timely implementation of post-outbreak quarantine protocols. Current detection methods rely on time-consuming ground surveying, which involves detailed examination of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) root systems. Leaf pigment composition is often a sensitive indicator of plant stress. The increasing popularity of remote sensing systems, which exploit those changes in pigments observed with plant stress, offers a real possibility for the development of a phylloxera-specific remote detection system. Our objective was to investigate changes in grapevine leaf pigments associated with phylloxera infestation and to relate any changes to appropriate reflectance indices. This was achieved with a glasshouse experiment in which the responses of two vine cultivars (Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz) to phylloxera infestation were compared with their responses to water and nitrogen deficiencies. The responses of leaf pigments to phylloxera infestation were also investigated in Pinot Noir and Cabernet Sauvignon grapevines grown under field conditions. A reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content and an increase in photoprotective pigment concentrations were observed in leaves of phylloxera-infested grapevines compared with uninfested vines. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) was found to be most closely associated with the ratio of total carotenoid to chlorophyll in these vines.
Keywords: β-carotene, carotenoids, chlorophylls, phylloxera, phylloxera detection, xanthophyll cycle pigments.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Commonwealth Cooperative Research Centre Program through the CRC for Viticulture and a University of Wollongong New Partnership Grant. We gratefully acknowledge the grape growers in north-eastern Victoria, Australia, for allowing us to conduct fieldwork on their vineyards.
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