Cytokinin- and auxin-induced stomatal opening involves a decrease in levels of hydrogen peroxide in guard cells of Vicia faba
Xi-Gui Song A , Xiao-Ping She A C , Jun-Min He A , Chen Huang B and Tu-sheng Song BA School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, People’s Republic of China.
B Department of Biology and Genetics, Medical School of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710062, People’s Republic of China.
C Corresponding author. Email: shexiaoping530@163.com
Functional Plant Biology 33(6) 573-583 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP05232
Submitted: 23 September 2005 Accepted: 9 March 2006 Published: 1 June 2006
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that cytokinins and auxins can induce the opening of stomata. However, the mechanism of stomatal opening caused by cytokinins and auxins remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in guard cells and stomatal opening induced by cytokinins and auxins in Vicia faba. By means of stomatal bioassay and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that cytokinins and auxins reduced the levels of H2O2 in guard cells and induced stomatal opening in darkness. Additionally, cytokinins not only reduced exogenous H2O2 levels in guard cells caused by exposure to light, but also abolished H2O2 that had been generated during a dark period, and promoted stomatal opening, as did ascorbic acid (ASA, an important reducing substrate for H2O2 removal). However, unlike cytokinins, auxins did not reduce exogenous H2O2, did not abolish H2O2 that had been generated in the dark, and therefore did not promote reopening of stoma induced to close in the dark. The above-mentioned effects of auxins were similar to that of diphenylene iodonium (DPI, an inhibitor of the H2O2-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase). Taken together our results indicate that cytokinins probably reduce the levels of H2O2 in guard cells by scavenging, whereas auxins limit H2O2 levels through restraining H2O2 generation, inducing stomatal opening in darkness.
Keywords: auxins, cytokinins, guard cell, hydrogen peroxide, stomatal opening, Vicia faba.
Acknowledgments
This research is supported by the Natural Science Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of People’s Republic of China (grant nos. 99SM20 and 2003C101).
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