The polyphasic chlorophyll a fluorescence rise measured under high intensity of exciting light
Dušan LazárPalacký University, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Physics, Laboratory of Biophysics, tř. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic. Email: lazard@seznam.cz
Functional Plant Biology 33(1) 9-30 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP05095
Submitted: 19 April 2005 Accepted: 18 August 2005 Published: 3 January 2006
Abstract
Chlorophyll a fluorescence rise caused by illumination of photosynthetic samples by high intensity of exciting light, the O–J–I–P (O–I1–I2–P) transient, is reviewed here. First, basic information about chlorophyll a fluorescence is given, followed by a description of instrumental set-ups, nomenclature of the transient, and samples used for the measurements. The review mainly focuses on the explanation of particular steps of the transient based on experimental and theoretical results, published since a last review on chlorophyll a fluorescence induction [Lazár D (1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1412, 1–28]. In addition to ‘old’ concepts (e.g. changes in redox states of electron acceptors of photosystem II (PSII), effect of the donor side of PSII, fluorescence quenching by oxidised plastoquinone pool), ‘new’ approaches (e.g. electric voltage across thylakoid membranes, electron transport through the inactive branch in PSII, recombinations between PSII electron acceptors and donors, electron transport reactions after PSII, light gradient within the sample) are reviewed. The K-step, usually detected after a high-temperature stress, and other steps appearing in the transient (the H and G steps) are also discussed. Finally, some applications of the transient are also mentioned.
Keywords: fluorescence induction, G step, H step, K step, model, O–J–I–P (O–I1–I2–P) transient, theory.
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic by a grant number MSM 6198959215. This review was also a part of the Habilitation Thesis of the author (Lazár 2005). I thank Professors Govindjee, Ulrich Schreiber, and Reto J. Strasser for their valuable comments that have improved this presentation. In addition, Govindjee has also edited parts of the manuscript.
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