Cell wall immobilisation and antioxidant status of Xanthoria parietina thalli exposed to cadmium
Luigi Sanità di Toppi A , Rosita Marabottini B , Zulema Vattuone A , Rita Musetti C , Maria Augusta Favali A , Agostino Sorgonà D and Maurizio Badiani D EA Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università di Parma, viale delle Scienze 11 / A, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
B Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, Università della Tuscia, via SC De Lellis, I-01100 Viterbo, Italy.
C Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata alla Difesa delle Piante, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, I-33100 Udine, Italy.
D Dipartimento di Biotecnologie per il Monitoraggio Agro-Alimentare ed Ambientale, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Loc. Feo di Vito, I-89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
E Corresponding author. Email: mbadiani@unirc.it
Functional Plant Biology 32(7) 611-618 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04237
Submitted: 13 December 2004 Accepted: 26 April 2005 Published: 7 July 2005
Abstract
Total and cell wall-bound cadmium and the major antioxidants were measured in thalli of the lichen Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. exposed to two Cd concentrations, namely 4.5 or 9.0 μm, in liquid medium during exposure periods of either 24 or 48 h. Total Cd in the thalli was within the range of previous field measurements and was proportional to the exposure concentration, but less than proportional with respect to exposure duration. More than half of the total Cd was immobilised by the cell wall. The adopted conditions of Cd stress caused: (i) no changes in dry weight and protein concentration; (ii) an increase in the level of ascorbic acid and a decrease in that of reduced glutathione, as well as an increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity; (iii) no changes or moderate decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, dehydroascorbate-, NADPH-dependent glutathione disulfide-, and monodehydroascorbate reductases and of ascorbate peroxidase; (iv) an increase of the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, assumed to reflect malondialdehyde formation arising from membrane lipid peroxidation. Thus, X. parietina might withstand realistic levels of Cd stress by: (1) intercepting the heavy metal at cell wall level, (2) the intervention of antioxidant metabolites, and (3) a moderate increase in guaiacol peroxidase activity.
Keywords: antioxidants, cadmium, cell wall, lichens, heavy metals, oxidative stress.
Acknowledgments
We thank the ‘Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Parma’ (Italy) for a dedicated doctoral fellowship awarded to ZV.
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