Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and vapour pressure deficit on isoprene emission from leaves of Populus deltoides during drought
Emiliano Pegoraro A B I , Ana Rey B C , Edward G. Bobich A D , Greg Barron-Gafford A E , Katherine Ann Grieve A F , Yadvinder Malhi B G and Ramesh Murthy A HA Biosphere 2 Laboratory, Columbia University, Oracle, AZ 85 623, USA.
B School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, UK.
C Present address: Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III, E-45 071 Toledo, Spain.
D Present address: Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, CA 90 608, USA.
E Present address: Department of Ecology and Environmental Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85 721, USA.
F Present address: Quantitative Ecology and Resource Management, University of Washington, Box 352 182, Seattle, WA 98 195, USA.
G Present address: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK.
H Present address: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, LSE 218, PO Box 874 501, Tempe, AZ 85 287-4501, USA.
I Corresponding author. Email: e.pegoraro@ed.ac.uk
Functional Plant Biology 31(12) 1137-1147 https://doi.org/10.1071/FP04142
Submitted: 8 August 2004 Accepted: 8 october 2004 Published: 8 December 2004
Abstract
To further our understanding of the influence of global climate change on isoprene production we studied the effect of elevated [CO2] and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on isoprene emission rates from leaves of Populus deltoides Bartr. during drought stress. Trees, grown inside three large bays with atmospheres containing 430, 800, or 1200 μmol mol–1 CO2 at the Biosphere 2 facility, were subjected to a period of drought during which VPD was manipulated, switching between low VPD (approximately 1 kPa) and high VPD (approximately 3 kPa) for several days. When trees were not water-stressed, elevated [CO2] inhibited isoprene emission and stimulated photosynthesis. Isoprene emission was less responsive to drought than photosynthesis. As water-stress increased, the inhibition of isoprene emission disappeared, probably as a result of stomatal closure and the resulting decreases in intercellular [CO2] (Ci). This assumption was supported by increased isoprene emission under high VPD. Drought and high VPD dramatically increased the proportion of assimilated carbon lost as isoprene. When measured at the same [CO2], leaves from trees grown at ambient [CO2] always had higher isoprene emission rates than the leaves of trees grown at elevated [CO2], demonstrating that CO2 inhibition is a long-term effect.
Keywords: Biosphere 2 Laboratory, carbon loss, cottonwood, elevated CO2, intercellular CO2 concentration, isoprene production, photosynthesis, Populus deltoides, stomatal conductance, water-stress.
Acknowledgments
Emiliano Pegoraro was supported by a graduate student stipend from a programme enhancement grant provided by the Office of the Executive Vice Provost, Columbia University (Dr Michael Crow) and by Edward P Bass, with equipment support from the Packard Foundation. Dr Ana Rey is currently supported by a personal fellowship grated by the Ministry of Education and Science of Spain (Roman Cajal Programme). The authors wish to thank Professor Barry Osmond, President of the Biosphere 2 Laboratory facility, for his support and guidance throughout the course of the project and Professor John Grace and Professor Paul Jarvis for thoroughly revising the manuscript.
Baldocchi D,
Guenther AB,
Harley PC,
Klinger L,
Zimmerman P,
Lamb B, Westberg H
(1995) The fluxes and air chemistry of isoprene above a deciduous hardwood forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences 351, 279–296.
Bruggemann N, Schnitzler JP
(2002) Comparison of isoprene emission, intercellular isoprene concentration and photosynthetic performance in water-limited oak (Quercus pubescens Willd. and Quercus robur L.) saplings. Plant Biology 4, 456–463.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Centritto M,
Nascetti P,
Petrilli L,
Raschi A, Loreto F
(2004) Profiles of isoprene emission and photosynthetic parameters in hybrid poplars exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment. Plant, Cell and Environment 27, 403–412.
Cox PM,
Betts RA,
Jones CD,
Spall SA, Totterdell IJ
(2000) Acceleration of global warming due to carbon-cycle feedbacks in a coupled climate model. Nature 408, 184–187.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Curtis PS
(1996) A meta-analysis of leaf gas exchange and nitrogen in trees grown under elevated carbon dioxide. Plant, Cell and Environment 19, 127–137.
Delwiche CF, Sharkey TD
(1993) Rapid appearance of C-13 in biogenic isoprene when (CO2)-C-13 is fed to intact leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 16, 587–591.
Fall RR, Monson RK
(1992) Isoprene emission rate and intercellular isoprene concentration as influenced by stomatal distribution and conductance. Plant Physiology 100, 987–992.
Fang CW,
Monson RK, Cowling EB
(1996) Isoprene emission, photosynthesis, and growth in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) seedlings exposed to short- and long-term drying cycles. Tree Physiology 16, 441–446.
| PubMed |
Fehsenfeld F,
Calvert J,
Fall RR,
Goldan P, Guenther AB , et al.
(1992) Emission of volatile organic compounds from vegetation and the implications for atmospheric chemistry. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 6, 389–430.
Field CB,
Jackson RB, Mooney HA
(1995) Stomatal responses to increased CO2 — implications from the plant to the global-scale. Plant, Cell and Environment 18, 1214–1225.
Fuentes JD,
Lerdau M,
Atkinson R,
Baldocchi D, Bottenheim JW , et al.
(2000) Biogenic hydrocarbons in the atmospheric boundary layer: a review. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81, 1537–1575.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Funk JL,
Mak JE, Lerdau MT
(2004) Stress-induced changes in carbon sources for isoprene production in Populus deltoides. Plant, Cell and Environment 27, 747–755.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Greenberg JP,
Guenther A,
Harley P,
Otter L,
Veenendaal EM,
Hewitt CN,
James AE, Owen SM
(2003) Eddy flux and leaf-level measurements of biogenic VOC emissions from mopane woodland of Botswana. Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmospheres 108, art-8466.
Guenther AB
(2002) The contribution of reactive carbon emissions from vegetation to the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Chemosphere 49, 837–844.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Guenther AB,
Archer S,
Greenberg JP,
Harley PC,
Helmig D,
Klinger L,
Vierling L,
Wildermuth M,
Zimmerman P, Zitzer S
(1999) Biogenic hydrocarbon emissions and landcover / climate change in a subtropical savanna. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth Part B — Hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere 24, 659–667.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Guenther AB,
Monson RK, Fall RR
(1991) Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability — observations with Eucalyptus and emission rate algorithm development. Journal of Geophysical Research — Atmospheres 96, 10 799–10 808.
Harley PC,
Guenther AB, Zimmerman P
(1996) Effects of light, temperature and canopy position on net photosynthesis and isoprene emission from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) leaves. Tree Physiology 16, 25–32.
| PubMed |
Harley PC,
Litvak ME,
Sharkey TD, Monson RK
(1994) Isoprene emission from velvet bean leaves — interactions among nitrogen availability, growth photon flux density, and leaf development. Plant Physiology 105, 279–285.
| PubMed |
Harley PC,
Monson RK, Lerdau MT
(1999) Ecological and evolutionary aspects of isoprene emission from plants. Oecologia 118, 109–123.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Houghton, JT ,
Ding, Y ,
Griggs, DJ ,
van der Linden, PJ ,
and
Xiaosu, D (2001). ‘Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of working group I to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC).’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge)
Karl T,
Fall R,
Rosenstiel TN,
Prazeller P,
Larsen B,
Seufert G, Lindinger W
(2002) On-line analysis of the (CO2)-C-13 labeling of leaf isoprene suggests multiple subcellular origins of isoprene precursors. Planta 215, 894–905.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Kreuzwieser J,
Graus M,
Wisthaler A,
Hanse A,
Rennenberg H, Schnitzler JP
(2002) Xylem-transported glucose as an additional carbon source for leaf isoprene formation in Quercus robur. New Phytologist 156, 171–178.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lerdau M,
Guenther AB, Monson R
(1997) Plant production and emission of volatile organic compounds. Bioscience 47, 373–383.
Medlyn BE,
Badeck FW,
De Pury DGG,
Barton CVM, Broadmeadow M , et al.
(1999) Effects of elevated [CO2] on photosynthesis in European forest species: a meta-analysis of model parameters. Plant, Cell and Environment 22, 1475–1495.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Monson RK, Fall RR
(1989) Isoprene emission from aspen leaves — influence of environment and relation to photosynthesis and photorespiration. Plant Physiology 90, 267–274.
Monson RK, Holland EA
(2001) Biospheric trace gas fluxes and their control over tropospheric chemistry. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32, 547–560.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Niinemets U,
Loreto F, Reichstein M
(2004) Physiological and physico-chemical controls on foliar volatile organic compound emissions. Trends in Plant Science 9, 180–186.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Pegoraro E,
Rey A,
Greenberg J,
Harley P,
Grace J,
Malhi Y, Guenther A
(2004) Effect of drought on isoprene emission rates from leaves of Quercus virginiana Mill. Atmospheric Environment In press. ,
Rapparini F,
Baraldi R,
Miglietta F, Loreto F
(2004) Isoprenoid emission in trees of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex with lifetime exposure to naturally high CO2 environment. Plant, Cell and Environment 27, 381–391.
Rey A, Jarvis PG
(1998) Long-term photosynthetic acclimation to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration in young birch (Betula pendula) trees. Tree Physiology 18, 441–450.
| PubMed |
Rosenstiel TN,
Potosnak MJ,
Griffin KL,
Fall R, Monson RK
(2003) Increased CO2 uncouples growth from isoprene emission in an agriforest ecosystem. Nature 421, 256–259.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Schnitzler JP,
Graus M,
Kreuzwieser J,
Heizmann U,
Rennenberg H,
Wisthaler A, Hansel A
(2004) Contribution of different carbon sources to isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves. Plant Physiology 135, 152–160.
| Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | PubMed |
Scholefield PA,
Doick KJ,
Herbert BMJ,
Hewitt CNS,
Schnitzler JP,
Pinelli P, Loreto F
(2004) Impact of rising CO2 on emissions of volatile organic compounds: isoprene emission from Phragmites australis growing at elevated CO2 in a natural carbon dioxide spring. Plant, Cell and Environment 27, 393–401.
Sharkey TD, Loreto F
(1993) Water-stress, temperature, and light effects on the capacity for isoprene emission and photosynthesis of kudzu leaves. Oecologia 95, 328–333.
| Crossref |
Sharkey TD,
Loreto F, Delwiche CF
(1991) High-carbon dioxide and sun shade effects on isoprene emission from oak and aspen tree leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment 14, 333–338.
Tingey DT,
Evans RC, Gumpertz ML
(1981) Effects of environmental conditions on isoprene emission from live oak. Planta 152, 565–570.
| Crossref |
Torbert HA, Johnson HB
(2001) Soil of the Intensive Agriculture Biome of Biosphere 2. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 56, 4–11.
Will RE, Teskey RO
(1997) Effect of irradiance and vapour pressure deficit on stomatal response to CO2 enrichment of four tree species. Journal of Experimental Botany 48, 2095–2102.
