The measurement of anisotropy with the generalized reciprocal method of seismic refraction interpretation

Abstract

Most geological processes of deposition and deformation indicate that anisotropy is more likely than isotropy. Seismic anisotropy, the variation of velocity with direction, can be caused by lamination, foliation, jointing, cleavage and cyclic layering. The resulting anisotropy is usually two dimensional, with the axis of symmetry commonly being vertical in sedimentary rocks.