Enhancement of fault interpretation using multi-attribute analysis and artificial neural network (ANN) approach: a case study from Taranaki Basin, New Zealand
Priyadarshi Chinmoy Kumar 1 Animesh Mandal 2 3
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
1 CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad 500007, India.
2 Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
3 Corresponding author. Email: animeshm@iitk.ac.in
Exploration Geophysics 49(3) 409-424 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG16072
Submitted: 25 June 2016 Accepted: 17 May 2017 Published: 3 August 2017
Abstract
Enhanced seismic data conditioning and multi-attribute analysis through non-linear neural processing workflows has been applied to 3D seismic data over 215.10 km2 area of the Opunake prospect located in the south-eastern offshore Taranaki Basin. The present work aims to delineate faults and the related detail of structural features from the study area. Post-stack seismic data conditioning techniques such as dip-steering and structural filtering are applied to enhance the lateral continuity of seismic events and eliminate random noises from the data with the objective of improving the visibility of faults in the data volume. The conditioned data is then used to extract several attributes, such as similarity, dip variance, curvature, energy and frequency, that act as potential contributors for enhancing the fault visibility. A fully connected multilayer perceptron (MLP) network is developed to choose the proper combination of attributes for fault detection. These seismic attributes (known as the test datasets) are then trained at identified fault and non-fault locations using this network. The network comprises of 11, 7, and 2 nodes in the input layer, hidden layer and output layer, respectively. The neural training resulted in an overall minimum root mean square (RMS) misfit and misclassification (%) ranging from 0.54 to 0.67 and 18.67 to 10.42, respectively, between the trained and the test datasets. The neural training generates a fault probability attribute that produces an improved fault visibility capturing the minute details of the seismic volume as compared with the results of individual seismic attribute. Thus, the present work demonstrates an enhanced and robust workflow of fault prediction and visualisation for detail structural interpretation from 3D seismic data volume.
Key words: 3D visualisation, attributes, fault probability cube, interpretation, neural network.
References
Al-Dossary, S., and Marfurt, K. J., 2006, 3-D volumetric multi-spectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation: Geophysics, 71, P41–P51| 3-D volumetric multi-spectral estimates of reflector curvature and rotation:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aminzadeh, F., and de Groot, P. F., 2004, Soft computing for qualitative and quantitative seismic object and reservoir property prediction. Part 1: neural network applications: First Break, 22, 49–54
Bahorich, M., and Farmer, S., 1995, 3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: the coherence cube: The Leading Edge, 14, 1053–1058
| 3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: the coherence cube:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bennett, C., Gregg, R., and King, P., 1992, Petroleum geology of the Taranaki basin, with emphasis on the north-eastern quadrant: Petroleum Exploration in New Zealand News, 32, 14–32
Brothers, D. S., Ruppel, C., Kluesner, J. W., Brink, U. S., Chaytor, J. D., Hill, J. C., Andrews, B. D., and Flores, C., 2014, Seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the US Atlantic continental margin: Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 96–101
| Seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the US Atlantic continental margin:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chopra, S., and Marfurt, K. J., 2007, Seismic attributes for prospect identification and reservoir characterization: SEG.
Cohen, C. R., Christianson, L. J., Bates, C. R., Laney, R. P., and Morton, G. A., 2006, Pogo New Zealand’s 3D seismic: new standards and structural/stratigraphic insights in the Taranaki Basin: Pogo Producing Company.
Connolly, D. L., 2015, Visualization of vertical hydrocarbon migration in seismic data: case studies from the Dutch North Sea: Interpretation, 3, SX21–SX27
| Visualization of vertical hydrocarbon migration in seismic data: case studies from the Dutch North Sea:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Connolly, D., and Garcia, R., 2012, Tracking hydrocarbon seepage in Argentina’s Neuquen basin: World Oil, 233, 101–104
Giba, M., Nicol, A., and Walsh, J. J., 2010, Evolution of faulting and volcanism in a back-arc basin and its implication for subduction process: Tectonics, 29, TC4020
| Evolution of faulting and volcanism in a back-arc basin and its implication for subduction process:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Giba, M., Walsh, J. J., and Nicol, A., 2012, Segmentation and growth of an obliquely reactivated normal fault: Journal of Structural Geology, 39, 253–267
| Segmentation and growth of an obliquely reactivated normal fault:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Giba, M., Walsh, J. J., Nicol, A., Mouslopoulou, V., and Seebeck, H., 2013, Investigation of spatio-temporal relationship between normal faulting and arc volcanism on million-year timescales: Journal of the Geological Society, 170, 951–962
| Investigation of spatio-temporal relationship between normal faulting and arc volcanism on million-year timescales:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hocker, C., and Fehmers, G., 2002, Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering: The Leading Edge, 21, 238–243
| Fast structural interpretation with structure-oriented filtering:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Holt, W. E., and Stern, T. A., 1994, Subduction, platform subsidence and foreland thrust loading: the late Tertiary development of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Tectonics, 13, 1068–1092
| Subduction, platform subsidence and foreland thrust loading: the late Tertiary development of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jaglan, H., Qayyum, F., and Huck, H., 2015, Unconventional seismic attributes for fracture characterization: First Break, 33, 101–109
King, P. R., and Thrasher, G. P., 1992, Post-Eocene development of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: convergent overprint of a passive margin, in J. S. Watkins, Z. Feng, and K. J. McMillen, eds., Geology and geophysics of continental margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 53, 93–118.
King, P. R., and Thrasher, G. P., 1996, Cretaceous-Cenozoic geology and petroleum systems of the Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt (NZ), Monograph 13.
Kluesner, J. W., and Brothers, D. S., 2016, Seismic attribute detection of faults and fluid pathways within an active strike-slip shear zone: new insights from high-resolution 3D P-Cable™ seismic data along the Hosgri Fault, offshore California: Interpretation, 4, SB131–SB148
| Seismic attribute detection of faults and fluid pathways within an active strike-slip shear zone: new insights from high-resolution 3D P-Cable™ seismic data along the Hosgri Fault, offshore California:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Knox, G. J., 1982, Taranaki Basin, structural style and tectonic setting: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 25, 125–140
| Taranaki Basin, structural style and tectonic setting:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kumar, P. C., 2016, Application of geometric attributes for interpreting faults from seismic data: an example from Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: 86th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 2077–2081.
Luo, Y., Marhoon, M., Al Dossary, S., and Alfaraj, M., 2002, Edge-preserving smoothing and applications: The Leading Edge, 21, 136–158
| Edge-preserving smoothing and applications:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marfurt, K. J., Kirlin, R. L., Farmer, S. L., and Bahorich, M. S., 1998, 3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm: Geophysics, 63, 1150–1165
| 3-D seismic attributes using a semblance-based coherency algorithm:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Marfurt, K. J., Sudhaker, V., Gersztenkorn, A., Crawford, K. D., and Nissen, S. E., 1999, Coherency calculations in the presence of structural dip: Geophysics, 64, 104–111
| Coherency calculations in the presence of structural dip:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McCulloch, W. S., and Pitts, W., 1943, A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity: The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5, 115–133
| A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meldahl, P., and Heggland, R., 2001, Identifying faults and gas chimneys using multiattributes and neural networks: The Leading Edge, 20, 474–482
| Identifying faults and gas chimneys using multiattributes and neural networks:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meldahl, P., Heggland, R., Bril, B., and de Groot, P., 1999, The chimney cube, an example of semi-automated detection of seismic objects by directive attributes and neural networks: Part I; methodology: 69th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 931–934.
Meldahl, P., Heggland, R., Bril, B., and de Groot, P., 2001, Identifying fault and gas chimneys using multi-attributes and neural networks: The Leading Edge, 20, 474–482
| Identifying fault and gas chimneys using multi-attributes and neural networks:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mouslopoulou, V., Nicol, A., Walsh, J. J., Begg, J. G., Townsend, D. B., and Hristopoulos, D. T., 2012, Fault-slip accumulation in an active rift over thousands to millions of years and the importance of paleoearthquake sampling: Journal of Structural Geology, 36, 71–80
| Fault-slip accumulation in an active rift over thousands to millions of years and the importance of paleoearthquake sampling:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nicol, A., Walsh, J., Berryman, K., and Nodder, S., 2005, Growth of a normal fault by the accumulation of slip over millions of years: Journal of Structural Geology, 27, 327–342
| Growth of a normal fault by the accumulation of slip over millions of years:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Nodder, D. S., 1993, Neotectonics of the offshore Cape Egmont Fault Zone, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 36, 167–184
| Neotectonics of the offshore Cape Egmont Fault Zone, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Palmer, J. A., and Andrews, P. R., 1993, Cretaceous–Tertiary sedimentation and implied tectonic controls on structural evolution of Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, in P. F. Ballance, ed., South Pacific sedimentary basins: Elsevier, Sedimentary Basins of the World, 2, 309–328.
Palmer, J. A., and Bulte, G., 1991, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand, in K. T. Biddle, ed., Active margin basins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 52, 261–282.
Pilaar, W. F. H., and Wakefield, L. L., 1978, Structural and stratigraphic evolution of Taranaki Basin, offshore North Island, New Zealand: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, 18, 78–93
Qayyum, F., Catuneanu, O., and Bouanga, C. E., 2015, Sequence stratigraphy of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate setting, Scotian Shelf, Canada: Interpretation, 3, SN21–SN37
| Sequence stratigraphy of a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate setting, Scotian Shelf, Canada:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reilly, C., Nicol, A., Walsh, J. J., and Seebeck, H., 2015, Evolution of faulting and plate boundary deformation in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand: Tectonophysics, 651–652, 1–18
| Evolution of faulting and plate boundary deformation in the Southern Taranaki Basin, New Zealand:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roberts, A., 2001, Curvature attributes and their application to 3-D interpreted horizons: First Break, 19, 85–100
| Curvature attributes and their application to 3-D interpreted horizons:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Russell, B., Hampson, D., Schuelke, J., and Quirein, J., 1997, Multiattribute seismic analysis: The Leading Edge, 16, 1439–1444
| Multiattribute seismic analysis:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schmidt, D. S., and Robinson, P. H., 1989, The structural setting and depositional for the Kupe South filed, Taranaki Basin: New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings, Ministry of Commerce, Wellington, 151–172.
Smith, E. G. C., Stern, T., and Reyners, M., 1989, Subduction and back-arc activity at the Hikurangi convergent margin, New Zealand: Pure and Applied Geophysics, 129, 203–231
| Subduction and back-arc activity at the Hikurangi convergent margin, New Zealand:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stagpoole, V. M., and Nicol, A., 2008, Regional structure kinematic history of a large subduction back thrust: Taranaki Fault, New Zealand: Journal of Geophysical Research. Solid Earth, 113, B01403
Thrasher, G. P., 1990, Tectonics of the Taranaki Rift: New Zealand Oil Exploration Conference Proceedings, Ministry of Commerce, Wellington, 124–133.
Tingdahl, K. M., 1999, Improving seismic detectability using intrinsic directionality: Technical Report, Earth Sciences Center, Goteborg University, B194.
Tingdahl, K. M., 2003, Improving seismic chimney detection using directional attributes, in M. Nikarvesh, F. Aminzadeh, and L. A. Zadeh, eds., Soft computing and intelligent data analysis in oil exploration: Elsevier, Developments in Petroleum Science 51, 157–173.
Tingdahl, K. M., and de Groot, P. F., 2003, Post-stack dip and azimuth processing: Journal of Seismic Exploration, 12, 113–126
Tingdahl, K. M., and de Rooij, M., 2005, Semi-automatic detection of faults in 3D seismic data: Geophysical Prospecting, 53, 533–542
| Semi-automatic detection of faults in 3D seismic data:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tingdahl, K. M., Bril, A. H., and de Groot, P. F., 2001, Improving seismic chimney detection using directional attributes: Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering, 29, 205–211
| Improving seismic chimney detection using directional attributes:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjtFegtro%3D&md5=b4b2561cf08db22de88517f8c9b92c39CAS |
Walcott, R. I., 1987, Geodetic strain and the deformational history of the North Island of New Zealand during the late Cenozoic: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 321, 163–181
| Geodetic strain and the deformational history of the North Island of New Zealand during the late Cenozoic:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |