Estimation of surface-wave phase velocity from microtremor observation using an array with a reference station
Hiroaki Yamanaka 1 3 Kei Kato 1 Kosuke Chimoto 1 Seiji Tsuno 21 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan.
2 Railway Technical Research Institute, 2-8-38 Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8540, Japan.
3 Corresponding author. Email: yamanaka@depe.titech.ac.jp
Exploration Geophysics 46(3) 267-275 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG14069
Submitted: 16 July 2014 Accepted: 18 July 2014 Published: 8 September 2014
Abstract
A procedure for estimation of Rayleigh wave phase velocities from microtremor observations, using an array with a reference station, is investigated in this study. Simultaneous observation of microtremors at a reference station and at a strong motion observation array in the Kanto Basin, Japan, was carried out. We first calculated cross correlations between records at the reference station and those at stations in the array using a seismic interferometric processing method on a 4300-h data series. After identifying dispersive Rayleigh waves from results of multiple filtering analysis of the cross correlations, semblance analysis of the cross correlations for different segments was carried out to estimate phase velocities for fundamental and higher-mode Rayleigh waves. The phase velocities from the proposed method are more appropriate than those from conventional methods at long periods as they avoid contamination by higher mode Rayleigh waves. The fundamental Rayleigh wave phase velocities were inverted to an S-wave velocity profile for deep sedimentary layers.
We also examined the variations in the phase velocity with decreasing data duration. The phase velocities at periods less than 3 s from 6-h records are similar to those from 4300-h records, suggesting that our method is possibly applicable in microtremor exploration.
Key words: array observation, cross correlation, microtremor exploration, multi-modal Rayleigh wave, phase velocity, S-wave velocity, seismic interferometry.
References
Arai, H., and Tokimatsu, K., 2005, S-wave velocity profiling by joint inversion of microtremor dispersion curve and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectrum: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 1766–1778| S-wave velocity profiling by joint inversion of microtremor dispersion curve and horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectrum:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Capon, J., 1969, High resolution frequency wavenumber spectrum analysis: Proceedings of the IEEE, 57, 1408–1418
| High resolution frequency wavenumber spectrum analysis:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chimoto, K., and Yamanaka, H., 2013, Applicability of estimation of Rayleigh-wave group velocities by using seismic interferometry in the short-period range: Geophysical Exploration (Butsuri-Tansa), 66, 179–188
Chimoto, K., and Yamanaka, H., 2014, Effects of the durations of cross-correlated microtremor records on broad-band dispersion measurements using seismic interferometry: Geophysics, 79, Q11–Q19
| Effects of the durations of cross-correlated microtremor records on broad-band dispersion measurements using seismic interferometry:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dziewonski, A., Bloch, S., and Landisman, M., 1969, A technique for the analysis of transient seismic signals: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 59, 427–444
Feng, S., Sugiyama, T., Horikawa, H., and Yamanaka, H. 2007, Influence of higher modes of Rayleigh waves on low-frequency phase velocity analysed by spatial auto-correlation method: Proceedings of the 117th SEGJ Conference, 51–54. [in Japanese]
Gouédard, P., Cornou, C., and Roux, P., 2008, Phase-velocity dispersion curves and small-scale geophysics using noise correlation slant stack technique: Geophysical Journal International, 172, 971–981
| Phase-velocity dispersion curves and small-scale geophysics using noise correlation slant stack technique:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Grutas, R., and Yamanaka, H., 2013, Shallow shear-wave velocity profiles and site response characteristics from microtremor array measurements in Metro Manila, the Philippines: Exploration Geophysics, 43, 255–266
| Shallow shear-wave velocity profiles and site response characteristics from microtremor array measurements in Metro Manila, the Philippines:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harmon, N., Forsyth, D., and Webb, S., 2007, Using ambient noise to determine short-period phase velocities and shallow shear velocities in young oceanic lithosphere: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 97, 2009–2023
| Using ambient noise to determine short-period phase velocities and shallow shear velocities in young oceanic lithosphere:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Horike, M., 1985, Inversion of phase velocity of long-period microtremors to the S-wave velocity structure down to the basement in urbanized areas: Journal of Physics of the Earth, 33, 59–96
| Inversion of phase velocity of long-period microtremors to the S-wave velocity structure down to the basement in urbanized areas:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kimman, W. P., Campman, X., and Trampert, J., 2012, Characteristics of seismic noise: fundamental and higher mode energy observed in the northeast of the Netherlands: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 102, 1388–1399
| Characteristics of seismic noise: fundamental and higher mode energy observed in the northeast of the Netherlands:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kitsunezaki, C., Goto, N., Kobayashi, Y., Ikawa, T., Horike, M., Saito, T., Kurota, T., Yamane, K., and Okuzumi, K., 1990, Estimation of P- and S-wave velocity in deep soil deposits for evaluating ground vibrations in earthquake: Journal of Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science, 9, 1–17
Neidell, N. S., and Taner, M. T., 1971, Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data: Geophysics, 36, 482–497
| Semblance and other coherency measures for multichannel data:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Okada, H., 2003, The microtremor survey method (Geophysical Monograph Series, Number 12): SEG.
Prieto, G. A., Denolle, M., Lawrence, J. F., and Beroza, G. C., 2011, On amplitude information carried by the ambient seismic field: Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 343, 600–614
| On amplitude information carried by the ambient seismic field:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Roberts, J., and Asten, M., 2005, Estimating the shear velocity profile of Quaternary silts using microtremor array (SPAC) measurements: Exploration Geophysics, 36, 34–40
| Estimating the shear velocity profile of Quaternary silts using microtremor array (SPAC) measurements:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sabra, K. G., Gerstoft, P., Roux, P., and Kuperman, W. A., 2005, Extracting time-domain Green’s function estimates from ambient noise: Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L03310
| Extracting time-domain Green’s function estimates from ambient noise:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shapiro, N. M., and Campillo, M., 2004, Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise: Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L07614
| Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shapiro, N. M., Campillo, M., Stehly, L., and Ritzwoller, M. H., 2005, High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise: Science, 307, 1615–1618
| High resolution surface wave tomography from ambient seismic noise:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitV2is7g%3D&md5=acf3302f58182e55b7c0d8fce113df1dCAS | 15761151PubMed |
Snieder, R., 2004, Extracting the Green’s function from the correlation of coda waves: a derivation based on stationary phase: Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 69, 046610
| Extracting the Green’s function from the correlation of coda waves: a derivation based on stationary phase:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamanaka, H., 2005, Comparison of performance of heuristic search methods for phase velocity inversion in shallow surface wave methods: Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics, 10, 163–173
| Comparison of performance of heuristic search methods for phase velocity inversion in shallow surface wave methods:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamanaka, H., and Ishida, H., 1996, Application of genetic algorithms to an inversion of surface-wave dispersion data: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 436–444
Yamanaka, H., and Yamada, N., 2006, Modeling 3D S-wave velocity structure of Kanto Basin for estimation of earthquake ground motion: Geophysical Exploration (Butsuri-Tansa), 59, 549–560
| Modeling 3D S-wave velocity structure of Kanto Basin for estimation of earthquake ground motion:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Yamanaka, H., Chimoto, K., Moroi, T., Ikeura, T., Koketsu, K., Sakaue, M., Nakai, S., Sekiguchi, T., and Oda, Y., 2010, Estimation of surface-wave group velocity in the southern Kanto area using seismic interferometric processing of continuous microtremor data: Geophysical Exploration (Butsuri-Tansa), 63, 409–425
Zaineh, H. E., Yamanaka, H., Dakkak, R., Khalil, A., and Daoud, M., 2012, Estimation of shallow S-wave velocity structure in Damascus city, Syria, using microtremor: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 39, 88–99
| Estimation of shallow S-wave velocity structure in Damascus city, Syria, using microtremor:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zhang, S. X., and Chan, L. S., 2003, Possible effects of misidentified mode number on Rayleigh wave inversion: Journal of Applied Geophysics, 53, 17–29
| Possible effects of misidentified mode number on Rayleigh wave inversion:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |