Large scale magnetic susceptibility soil mapping: a proxy for geological mapping and exploration from Bogoso (Ghana)
Hervé Théveniaut 1 3 Brendan Clarke 21 BRGM, GEO/GSO, 3 avenue C. Guillemin, BP 36006, 45060 Orléans Cedex 2, France.
2 The MSA Group, 20B Rothesay Avenue, Craighall Park, Johannesburg 2196, PO Box 81356, Prakhurst, South Africa.
3 Corresponding author. Email: h.theveniaut@brgm.fr
Exploration Geophysics 44(1) 48-55 https://doi.org/10.1071/EG12019
Submitted: 27 March 2012 Accepted: 16 October 2012 Published: 19 November 2012
Abstract
This paper describes the use of magnetic susceptibility measurements on a set of nearly 3000 soil samples (one sample per km2) collected for geochemical analyses within the framework of a geological mapping program in Ghana. The result is a map of soil magnetic susceptibility which has been compared with other maps. There is a good consistency with geological domains and lithologies, as well as with some of the geochemical soil analyses and also partly with the aeromagnetic data.
In the tropical, deeply weathered lateritic context of the study area, soil magnetic susceptibility reveals similarities with magnetic and/or geochemical survey results, suggesting this rapid and easy to use technique can be an effective tool for exploration and geological mapping programs.
Key words: exploration, magnetic susceptibility, proxy, soil mapping.
References
Adadey, K., Clarke, B., Théveniaut, H., Urien, P., Delor, C., Roig, J. Y., and Feybesse, J. L., 2009, Geological map explanation – map sheet 0503B (1 : 100 000), sheet Bogoso: Ed. Geological Survey of Ghana, Accra.Challands, A., 1992, Field magnetic susceptibility measurement for prospection and excavation, in P. Spoerry, ed., Geoprospection in the archaeological landscape: Oxbow Books, Oxbow Mono. 18, 33–41.
Clark, D. A., and Emerson, D. W., 1991, Notes on rock magnetisation characteristics in applied geophysical studies: Exploration Geophysics, 22, 547–555
| Notes on rock magnetisation characteristics in applied geophysical studies:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dalan, R. A., and Banerjee, S. K., 1998, Solving archeological problems using techniques of soil magnetism: Geoarchaeology, 13, 3–36
| Solving archeological problems using techniques of soil magnetism:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
De Kock, G. S., Botha, P. M. W., Théveniaut, H., and Gyapong, W., 2009, Geological map explanation – map sheet 0803B (1 : 100 000): Ed. Ghana Geological Survey Department.
Dearing, J. A., 1999, Magnetic susceptibility, in J. Walden, F. Oldfield, and J. Smith, eds., Environmental magnetism: a practical guide: Quaternary Research Association, London, Technical Guide, No. 6, 35–62.
Dearing, J. A., Hay, K. L., Baban, S. M. J., Huddlson, A. S., Wellington, E. M. H., and Loveland, P. J., 1996, Magnetic susceptibility of soil: an evaluation of conflicting theories using a national data set: Geophysical Journal International, 127, 728–734
| Magnetic susceptibility of soil: an evaluation of conflicting theories using a national data set:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hanesch, M., and Scholger, R., 2005, The influence of soil type on the magnetic susceptibility measured throughout soil profiles: Geophysical Journal International, 161, 50–56
| The influence of soil type on the magnetic susceptibility measured throughout soil profiles:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktlOqtbw%3D&md5=cfdc740625fe8b10699a32282dd45738CAS |
Lollar, B. S., 2004, in H. D. Holland, and K. K. Turekan, eds., Treatise on geochemistry Vol 9 - environmental geochemistry: Elsevier.
Maher, B. A., 2009, Rain and dust: magnetic records of climate and pollution: Elements, 5, 229–234
| Rain and dust: magnetic records of climate and pollution:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXht1ehs7%2FL&md5=8e9cd3b465113dc9729d121720af7a5aCAS |
Mielke, J. E., 1979, Composition of the Earth’s crust and distribution of the elements, in F. R. Siegel, ed., Review of research on modern problems in geochemistry: UNESCO Report, Paris, 13–37.
Mullins, C. E., 1974, The magnetic properties of the soil and their application to archaeological prospecting: Archaeo-Physika, 5, 145–161
Preetz, H., Altfelder, S, Hennings, V., and Igel, J., 2009, Classification of soil magnetic susceptibility and prediction of metal detector performance – case study of Angola, in R. S. Harmon, J. T. Broach, J. H. Holloway Jr., eds, Detection and sensing of mines, explosive objects, and obscured targets XIV, Proceedings of SPIE: SPIE, Vol. 7303, 730313.
Reeves, C. V., 1989, Aeromagnetic interpretation and rock magnetism: First Break, 7, 275–286
Reeves, R. D., and Brooks, R. R., 1978, Trace element analysis of geological materials: John Wiley & Sons.
Siegfried, P., De Kock, G. S., Clarke, B., Agenbacht, A., Théveniaut, H., Delor, C., and van Rooyen, R. C., 2009, Geological map explanation – map sheet 0803B (1 : 100 000): Ed. Ghana Geological Survey Department.
Tardy, Y., 1997, Petrology of laterites and tropical soils: Balkema.
Taylor, S. R., 1964, Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 28, 1273–1285
| Abundance of chemical elements in the continental crust: a new table:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaF2cXkslGntrk%3D&md5=373a06b0cb09da5bb6b9d8ae371a001aCAS |
Théveniaut, H., and Freyssinet, P., 1999, Paleomagnetism applied to lateritic profiles to assess saprolite and duricrust formation processes: the example of the Mont Baduel profile (French Guiana): Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 148, 209–231
| Paleomagnetism applied to lateritic profiles to assess saprolite and duricrust formation processes: the example of the Mont Baduel profile (French Guiana):Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thomas, E., De Kock, G. S., Baglow, N., Viljoen, J. H. A., Théveniaut, H., and Siaka, Z., 2009, Geological map explanation – map sheet 0803B (1 : 100 000): Ed. Ghana Geological Survey Department.
Thompson, R., and Olfield, F., 1986, Environmental magnetism: Allen and Unwin.
Tite, M. S., 1972, The influence of geology on the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites: Archaeometry, 14, 229–236
| The influence of geology on the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaE38XlsFWjsLo%3D&md5=361e43e0756bc13aae6d2aee890f19f9CAS |
Tite, M. S., and Mullins, C. E., 1971, Enhancement of the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites: Archaeometry, 13, 209–219
| Enhancement of the magnetic susceptibility of soils on archaeological sites:Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van Dam, R. L., Hendrickx, J. M. H., Harrison, J. B. J., and Borchers, B., 2005, Conceptual model for prediction of magnetic properties in tropical soils: The International Society for Optical Engineering, SPIE, Detection and remediation technologies for mines and mine-like targets X, 5794, 177–187.
van Dam, R. L., Hendrickx, J. M. H., Harrison, J. B. J., and Harmon, R. S., 2008, Towards a model for predicting magnetic susceptibility of bedrock regolith and soils: The International Society for Optical Engineering, SPIE, Detection and remediation technologies for mines and mine-like targets XIII, 6953, 10 pp.
van Rooyen, R. C., 2009, Geochemical atlas – map sheet 0503B: Ed. Ghana Geological Survey Department.