Pentanidium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Conjugate Addition: Prediction of Stereoselectivity via DFT Calculations and Docking Sampling of Transition States, and Origin of Stereoselectivity
Choon Wee Kee A and Ming Wah Wong A B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore.
B Corresponding author. Email: chmwmw@nus.edu.sg
Australian Journal of Chemistry 69(9) 983-990 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH16225
Submitted: 8 April 2016 Accepted: 24 May 2016 Published: 16 June 2016
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) study, at the M06–2X/6–311+G(d,p)//M06–2X/6–31G(d,p) level, was carried out to examine the catalytic mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity of pentanidium-catalyzed asymmetric phase-transfer conjugate addition. We employed a hybrid approach by combining automated conformation generation through molecular docking followed by subsequent DFT calculation to locate various possible transition states for the enantioselective conjugate addition. The calculated enantioselectivity (enantiomeric excess), based on the key diastereomeric C–C bond-forming transition states, is in good accord with experimental result. Non-covalent interaction analysis of the key transition states reveals extensive non-covalent interactions, including aromatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, and non-classical C–H⋯O interactions between the pentanidium catalyst and substrates. The origin of stereoselectivity was analysed using a strain-interaction model.
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