Register      Login
Australian Journal of Chemistry Australian Journal of Chemistry Society
An international journal for chemical science
RESEARCH ARTICLE

A Compact Microcontrolled Microfluidic System for Photometric Determination of Phosphate in Natural Water Samples

Osmundo Dantas Pessoa-Neto A , Tiago Almeida Silva A , Vagner Bezerra dos Santos B and Orlando Fatibello-Filho A C
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, PO Box 676, São Carlos, CEP: 13560-970, SP, Brazil.

B Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, PO Box 26077, São Paulo, CEP: 05513-970, SP, Brazil.

C Corresponding author. Email: bello@ufscar.br

Australian Journal of Chemistry 68(7) 1108-1114 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH14602
Submitted: 3 October 2014  Accepted: 21 November 2014   Published: 29 January 2015

Abstract

A compact environmentally friendly microcontrolled microfluidic device ideal for in situ phosphate determination was developed based on a microsystem based on low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) coupled to a light-emitting diode (LED)–photometer with a multicommutation flow analysis (MCFA) approach. The experimental parameters of the MCFA analyzer were optimized by chemometric studies. Under the best experimental conditions, limits of detection and quantification of 0.02 mg P L–1 and 0.07 mg P L–1, respectively, and a sampling frequency of 67 h–1 were estimated. Moreover, a low sample consumption of only 60 μL per determination was the other advantage that fully meets the requirements of sustainable research and green chemistry purposes.


References

[1]  J. M. Estela, V. Cerdà, Talanta 2005, 66, 307.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjvVCltrY%3D&md5=3dda1b82200d5c92b0d638c75eb596feCAS | 18969995PubMed |

[2]  C. Warwick, A. Guerreiro, A. Soares, Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013, 41, 1.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlKku7nN&md5=a31d728c215c3295e5689ee2515e006fCAS | 22995452PubMed |

[3]  J. F. Liu, G. B. Jiang, Talanta 2000, 52, 211.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[4]  I. D. McKelvie, D. M. W. Peat, P. J. Worsfold, Anal. Proc. incl. Anal. Commun. 1995, 32, 437.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXovFOgsrg%3D&md5=293defc4f1263ad5d07279b941793eceCAS |

[5]  M. Catalá Icardo, J. V. García Mateo, J. Martínez Calatayud, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2002, 21, 366.

[6]  M. A. Feres, P. R. Fortes, E. A. G. Zagatto, J. L. M. Santos, J. L. F. C. Lima, Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 618, 1.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtlemsbo%3D&md5=bc68a9061a8dc7046d3f1d38bb8e5514CAS | 18501240PubMed |

[7]  L. O. Leal, L. Ferrer, R. Forteza, V. Cerdà, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2011, 30, 761.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlt1Sltrc%3D&md5=696fc505fe9ab048caa6931dec3a3183CAS |

[8]  A. Calvo-López, E. Arasa-Puig, M. Puyol, J. M. Casalta, J. Alonso-Chamarro, Anal. Chim. Acta 2013, 804, 190.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 24267081PubMed |

[9]  B. H. van der Schoot, S. Jeanneret, A. van den Berg, N. F. de Rooij, Sens. Actuators, B 1993, 13, 333.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXms1Wmtbk%3D&md5=70f7353014edc50df964fc97e20392b4CAS |

[10]  S. C. Jakeway, A. J. de Mello, E. L. Russell, Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 2000, 366, 525.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhvF2mu7Y%3D&md5=6cfa8d1a24303b0c4c5fb227ff142ff7CAS |

[11]  D. Janasek, J. Franzke, A. Manz, Nature 2006, 442, 374.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsVaju78%3D&md5=eb36bd2668b55e19a5b5284bc9f6e62aCAS | 16871204PubMed |

[12]  A. J. deMello, Nature 2006, 442, 394.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsVaju7o%3D&md5=2ddb085c01cfd1354abf23ec18bb60fcCAS | 16871207PubMed |

[13]  M. R. Gongora-Rubio, P. Espinoza-Vallejos, L. Sola-Laguna, J. J. Santiago-Avilés, Sens. Actuators, A 2001, 89, 222.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitVOhsrY%3D&md5=f5134c1278be4fb49283d0910fa6289dCAS |

[14]  P. Bembnowicz, L. J. Golonka, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 2010, 30, 743.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVCktL%2FE&md5=9f8b98224035ec588048536962320781CAS |

[15]  M. Gongora-Rubio, L. M. Solá-Laguna, P. J. Moffett, J. J. Santiago-Avilés, Sens. Actuators, A 1999, 73, 215.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFKks7g%3D&md5=341f8937c8ff7ab426e464803460330fCAS |

[16]  N. Ibáñez-García, J. Alonso, C. S. Martínez-Cisneros, F. Valdés, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2008, 27, 24.

[17]  K. Malecha, D. G. Pijanowska, L. J. Golonka, W. Torbicz, Sens. Actuators, B 2009, 141, 301.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXptlSmtbY%3D&md5=335a82b51f99cf0f3ed756974864377cCAS |

[18]  M. Baeza, C. López, J. N. Alonso, J. López-Santín, G. Álvaro, Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 1006.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1alurrF&md5=aaa2a0cdc73c900b7ef1c028638f0de0CAS | 20041654PubMed |

[19]  V. B. Santos, T. B. Guerreiro, W. T. Suarez, R. C. Faria, O. Fatibello-Filho, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2011, 22, 726.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[20]  V. B. Santos, T. B. Guerreiro, R. C. Faria, O. Fatibello-Filho, W. T. Suarez, Quim. Nova 2012, 35, 802.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

[21]  CONAMA – Conselho Nacional de Meio Ambiente, Resolução no 357, de 17 de março de 2005, 2005.

[22]  D. A. Bui, P. C. Hauser, Anal. Chim. Acta 2014, 853, 46.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 25467449PubMed |

[23]  M. Macka, T. Piasecki, P. K. Dasgupta, Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2014, 7, 183.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1aitw%3D%3D&md5=c0690b68e85d6ef6df54bd0bbe581778CAS |

[24]  W. T. Suarez, O. D. Pessoa-Neto, V. B. Santos, A. R. A. Nogueira, R. C. Faria, O. Fatibello-Filho, M. Puyol, J. A. Chamarro, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 398, 1525.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXpvV2ms7s%3D&md5=bf35bb14f8ef07012fca313bf4c8e033CAS | 20694810PubMed |

[25]  W. T. Suarez, O. D. Pessoa-Neto, V. B. Santos, A. R. A. Nogueira, R. C. Faria, O. Fatibello-Filho, J. A. Chamarro, J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 2013, 24, 847.
         | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFSnu7vN&md5=b70b2a856dbb8b018d3653c26aa6f136CAS |

[26]  Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (Eds E. W. Rice, R. B. Baird, A. D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri) 2012 (American Water Works Association, American Public Works Association, Water Environment Federation: Washington, D.C.).

[27]  S. Armenta, S. Garrigues, M. de la Guardia, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2008, 27, 497.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXotFCit7w%3D&md5=c5f24e1ec3491b1ec5d51aac1201423eCAS |

[28]  A. Gałuszka, Z. Migaszewski, J. Namieśnik, TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 50, 78.

[29]  B. Shyla, Mahadevaiah, G. Nagendrappa, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 2011, 78, 497.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M%2FmvVKmsg%3D%3D&md5=13df287b5b863835d212bb9e355b1259CAS |

[30]  C. X. Galhardo, J. C. Masini, Anal. Chim. Acta 2000, 417, 191.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkslWlsbg%3D&md5=2b2f8175be3acd7656d914d7b3a7444bCAS |

[31]  J. R. E. Thabano, C. T. Jens, G. M. Sawula, Talanta 2004, 64, 60.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmtlyktbg%3D&md5=c3c078a27c8cd6c80e6f286e21e8a6aaCAS |

[32]  J. Di, Q. Liu, W. Li, Talanta 2000, 53, 511.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotVenu7g%3D&md5=65a7d2061ba52241a1aa5c82af6713afCAS | 18968137PubMed |

[33]  J. Z. Zhang, C. J. Fischer, P. B. Ortner, Talanta 1999, 49, 293.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktFWrsb8%3D&md5=d35c43feee60ab4ea5e9c9ec8ffa5b03CAS | 18967600PubMed |

[34]  F. Mas-Torres, J. M. Estela, M. Miró, A. Cladera, V. C. Cerdà, Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 510, 61.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXivF2juro%3D&md5=537aa4b2847a968b02bc6f364b716a22CAS |

[35]  C. Frank, F. Schroeder, R. Ebinghaus, W. Ruck, Talanta 2006, 70, 513.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XptlCksLg%3D&md5=2dc923bc25bce79a1094b3d8aff9a6c2CAS | 18970800PubMed |

[36]  R. N. Fernandes, B. F. Reis, Talanta 2002, 58, 729.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xos1WitrY%3D&md5=8a341f00c70cac9d4aecbc57b14eead5CAS | 18968802PubMed |

[37]  G. N. Doku, S. J. Haswell, Anal. Chim. Acta 1999, 382, 1.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXps1GnsQ%3D%3D&md5=bceca97ce8f26a42287c6a580901c40bCAS |

[38]  M. I. G. S. Almeida, M. A. Segundo, J. L. F. C. Lima, A. O. S. S. Rangel, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2005, 85, 51.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1KjsQ%3D%3D&md5=2fbb1e93a6494439af39a18698727589CAS |

[39]  H. Nakamura, H. Tanaka, M. Hasegawa, Y. Masuda, Y. Arikawa, Y. Nomura, K. Ikebukuro, I. Karube, Talanta 1999, 50, 799.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXmvFCis7w%3D&md5=bb5a05114763c5a78fa5c5762e02d799CAS | 18967770PubMed |

[40]  D. L. Rocha, F. R. P. Rocha, Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2013, 93, 1389.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVOqs7zM&md5=27402733a802da8aa6efdd055241569bCAS |

[41]  M. Yaqoob, A. Nabi, P. J. Worsfold, Anal. Chim. Acta 2004, 510, 213.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXislOrsb4%3D&md5=29d7b1820186a8bcc0d0cd93f3e40a56CAS |

[42]  B. S. Gentle, P. S. Ellis, P. A. Faber, M. R. Grace, I. D. McKelvie, Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 674, 117.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXps1ehtro%3D&md5=f022908d9a2566904fd3997b9e81bc73CAS | 20678622PubMed |

[43]  E. A. Nagul, C. Fontàs, I. D. McKelvie, R. W. Cattrall, S. D. Kolev, Anal. Chim. Acta 2013, 803, 82.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1CrsLzK&md5=213dea014274bee4ec799bd485fb6e45CAS | 24216200PubMed |

[44]  M. C. T. Diniz, O. Fatibello-Filho, E. V. de Aquino, J. J. R. Rohwedder, Talanta 2004, 62, 469.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjslyktA%3D%3D&md5=b021ebef97fe4eb09569b5ebe3e8717eCAS |

[45]  N. Amornthammarong, P. Anujaravat, K. Sereenonchai, P. Chaisuwan, P. Sastranurak, P. Wilairat, D. Nacapricha, Talanta 2005, 68, 480.
         | Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1SgsrzJ&md5=b69d11488952af2135d55dd7f22a417eCAS | 18970347PubMed |