Investigative Study of Nucleic Acid-Gold Nanoparticle Interactions Using Laser-based Techniques, Electron Microscopy, and Resistive Pulse Sensing with a Nanopore
Michelle Low A , Sam Yu B , Ming Yong Han A and Xiaodi Su A CA Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 3 Research Link, 117602, Singapore.
B MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 20189, Bishopdale, Christchurch 8543, New Zealand.
C Corresponding author. Email: xd-su@imre.a-star.edu.sg
Australian Journal of Chemistry 64(9) 1229-1234 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH11200
Submitted: 15 May 2011 Accepted: 14 June 2011 Published: 16 September 2011
Abstract
In this study, we employ a range of analytical tools to study the interactions between a mixed base peptide nucleic acid (PNA, 22-mer) probe and gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The binding of charge neutral PNA to citrate capped AuNP (50 nm) causes the particles to change size and/or aggregation/dispersion status in a PNA concentration-dependent manner. Under a UV-vis spectrophotometer, AuNP aggregation can be detected at PNA concentrations as high as 400 nm. Using dynamic light scattering measurement, the changing of particle sizes can be detected at a relatively low PNA concentration of 50 nm. Using a resistive pulse sensor, i.e. nanopore-based sensing platform, a particle-by-particle measurement technique, subtle changes of the AuNP size induced by PNA at very low concentrations of 5 nm can be identified. Transmission electron microscopy measurement confirmed that at very low PNA concentration, a small population of particles form a nano-assembly of NP clusters. Based on the fact that hybridization of PNA probe with target DNA is able to retard particle aggregation, we can quantify specific DNA sequences with a limit of detection ranging from 10 nm to 1 nm, depending on the characterization tools used. With this study, we show that as a complementary technique, the resistive pulse nanopore-based sensing platform provides significant resolution advantages for metal nanoparticle measurement as compared with light-based techniques.
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