
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miller, J 
T1  - Electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution in the Benzene ring and the Hammett Equation
JF  - Australian Journal of Chemistry
JO  - Aust. J. Chem.
Y1  - 1956
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
KW  - 
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1071/CH9560061 
N2  - The Hammett equation as applied to aromatic nuclear electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution is tested for a wide range of substituents. For nucleophilic substitution quite good agreement is obtained for electron-attracting substituents using &#963;* values, but large deviations occur with substituents releasing electrons by the conjugative mechanism. In electrophilic substitution, in so far as results are available, a fair measure of agreement obtains for electron-attracting substituents, but very large and to some extent irregular deviations occur for the conjugative electron- releasing substituents. The deviations occur whether &#963; or &#963;* values are used, and new sets of &#963;N** and &#963;E** values are defined and the values recorded.   A comparison is made of substituent effects in nuclear electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution. 
ER  -

