Effects of cryoprotectants on phospholipid monolayers – concentration and species dependence
Rekha Raju A B , Juan Torrent-Burgués B * and Gary Bryant
A *
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Vic. 3000, Australia.
B Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), C/ Colom 1, E08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
Australian Journal of Chemistry 75(3) 165-173 https://doi.org/10.1071/CH21161
Submitted: 9 July 2021 Accepted: 2 November 2021 Published: 21 January 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing.
Abstract
The effects of four cryoprotectants (dimethylformamide (DMF), ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) on monolayers of four phospholipids were investigated at high cryoprotectant concentration (10% v/v) relevant to cryoprotection, and compared with previous work at lower concentrations (5% v/v). The results show that the interactions between cryoprotective agents (CPAs) and lipids are complex, with significant differences identified as functions of CPA, concentration and phospholipid species. It was observed that generally DMF and EG cause monolayer compaction, whereas glycerol causes expansion (penetrating the monolayer), although each exhibited subtle differences with different phospholipids. DMSO showed significant differences depending on the headgroup (phosphatidylcholine vs phosphatidylethanolamine) and the physical state of the monolayer. In addition, it was found that DMF was the only CPA capable of penetrating monolayers at physiologically relevant lateral pressures. The results highlight that conclusions based on a single model system (e.g. DPPC) should not be extrapolated to other lipids, and there is a need to study a wider range of lipid species and CPA concentrations in order to understand their mechanisms of action more fully.
Keywords: compression isotherms, concentration, cryoprotectants, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulphoxide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, insertion, Langmuir monolayers.
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