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RESEARCH ARTICLE (Open Access)
Contents Vol 26(4)

Ks-band, 2.14-μm Imaging of Southern Massive Star Formation Regions Traced by Methanol Masers

S. N. Longmore A B C D and M. G. Burton A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052

B Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping, NSW 1710

C Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA

D Corresponding author. Email: slongmore@cfa.harvard.edu

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 26(4) 439-447 https://doi.org/10.1071/AS09017
Submitted: 24 April 2009  Accepted: 11 June 2009   Published: 4 November 2009

Abstract

We present deep, wide-field, Ks-band (2.14-μm) images towards 87 southern massive star formation regions traced by methanol maser emission. Using point-spread function fitting, we generate 2.14-μm point source catalogues (PSCs) towards each of the regions. For the regions between 10° < l < 350° and |b| < 1, we match the 2.14-μm sources with the GLIMPSE point source catalogue to generate a combined 2.14- to 8.0-μm point source catalogue. We provide this data for the astronomical community to utilise in studies of the stellar content of embedded clusters.

Keywords: Galaxy: stellar content, masers — infrared: stars — stars: early type — stars: formation


Acknowledgments

We thank Stuart Ryder for help with the data reduction. S.N.L. was partially funded by an internal grant from UNSW.


References


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Carpenter, J. M. 2001, AJ, 121, 2851
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Gutermuth, R. A. 2005, PhD Thesis, University of Rochester, New York, USA,
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Longmore, S. N., Burton, M. G., Minier, V., &  Walsh, A. J. 2006, MNRAS, 369, 1196
An error has occurred in (ref id="R4"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Longmore, S. N., Burton, M. G., Barnes, P. J., Wong, T., Purcell, C. R., &  Ott, J. 2007a, MNRAS, 379, 535
An error has occurred in (ref id="R5"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Longmore, S. N., Maercker, M., Ramstedt, S., &  Burton, M. G. 2007b, MNRAS, 380, 1497
An error has occurred in (ref id="R6"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
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COLUMN 0
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
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LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
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COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Purcell, C. R., et al. 2006, MNRAS, 367, 553
An error has occurred in (ref id="R7"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
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Purcell, C. R., Longmore, S. N., Burton, M. G., Walsh, A. J., Minier, V., Cunningham, M. R., &  Balasubramanyam, R. 2009, MNRAS, 394, 323
An error has occurred in (ref id="R8"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Skrutskie, M. F., et al. 2006, AJ, 131, 1163
An error has occurred in (ref id="R9"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML


Walsh, A. J., Hyland, A. R., Robinson, G., &  Burton, M. G. 1997, MNRAS, 291, 261
An error has occurred in (ref id="R10"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
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COLUMN 0
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
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Walsh, A. J., Burton, M. G., Hyland, A. R., &  Robinson, G. 1998, MNRAS, 301, 640
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1 IRIS2 employs a 1024 × 1024 Rockwell HAWAII-1 HgCdTe infrared detector with a plate scale of 0.4486 ± 0.0002″ per pixel.

2 See http://www.aao.gov.au .

3 See http://www.oracdr.org .

4 http://www.atnf.csiro.au/computing/software/karma/ .

5 http://iraf.noao.edu/ .

6 http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~jmc/2mass/v3/transformations/ .

7 http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/ .

8 http://cds.u-strasbg.fr/ .

9 i.e. m = m ZP – 2.5 log f, where f is the number of counts determined for a source of interest in the FITS images.



6 Appendix

Table 1 shows the properties of the IRIS2 2.14-μm PSCs for all the observed regions. Tables 2 and 3 show the first five lines of a sample IRIS2 2.14-μm PSC and a sample combined IRIS2/GLIMPSE PSC, respectively, with the full tables available online.


Table 3.  Example extract from the catalogue of sources matched between the IRIS2 Ks-band images and the GLIMPSE point-source catalogue
Click to zoom

In Table 1 Columns 1 and 2 give the Galactic and IRAS names of the far-IR sources whose fields have been imaged. Columns 3 and 4 give the R.A. and Dec. of the associated methanol masers from Walsh et al. (1998). Columns 5 to 13 show the parameters returned from the automated source extraction algorithm using daophot (see Section 6.1 for more details). σ ZP gives the standard deviation of the difference between the measured IRIS2 and 2MASS magnitudes (in the range 10–12 mag). ZP gives the magnitude corresponding to 1 flux count in each image. This may be used to calibrate the FITS image for each source, as described in Section 4. Min, Med and Max give the minimum, median and maximum magnitudes of sources in each region. σ med gives the median point-source fitting error in each region. Minrel gives the minimum reliable IRIS2 magnitude measurement, sources brighter than which are likely to be affected by saturation. Columns 12 and 13 show the 90% completeness magnitude estimated from the magnitude histogram and the total number of sources detected in each IRIS2 field, respectively. The final column lists the FWHM of the seeing in arcsec.

In Table 3 the first column gives the GLIMPSE ID number. The second and third columns give the source right ascension and declination in decimal degrees. Columns 4 and 5 give the magnitude and magnitude error of the sources at Ks band. Columns 6 through 13 give the magnitude and magnitude error of the sources at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0 μm from the GLIMPSE point source catalogue. In this example table, the magnitudes and errors have been rounded to 2 decimal places for clarity. A value of ‘null’ means no source was detected at that wavelength. The full table is available online. Note that these PSCs ONLY include sources matched in both the GLIMPSE and IRIS2 Ks catalogues. Photometry for sources detected only in the IRIS Ks PSC (likely fainter foreground stars) or GLIMPSE PSC (either due to being too faint, or possibly in saturated/confused regions) can be extracted from these individual PSCs. Finally, photometry for sources in the IRIS2 Ks PSC brighter than the minimum reliable magnitude reported in Column 11 of Table 1, should be extracted from the 2MASS PSC.

Finally, Section 6.1 describes in detail how the daophot package (digi.daophot) in iraf was used to automatically find and perform photometry on stars within the IRIS2 fields and hence create the point source catalogues.

6.1 Creating the Point-Source Catalogues

This section describes how the daophot package (digi.daophot) in iraf was used to automatically find and perform photometry on stars within the IRIS2 fields and hence create the point source catalogues. Description of coordinate-frame calibration, photometric calibration and catalogue matching are found in Section 2.

6.1.1 Set Initial Fitting Parameters

As three separate detector arrays were used over the course of the observations care was taken to measure the array specific input parameters (e.g. readout noise, gain, saturation value, etc.) for each image. The image characteristics used by the star finding and photometry tasks were calculated using daoedit to pick out 10 bright, non-saturated, isolated stars with as little surrounding extended emission as possible. By fitting a radial profile to the emission, this task then calculates the FWHM, SKY (median) and σ SKY for each of the stars. After calculating a sensible average value for each of these parameters from stars with good profiles, the values are then entered into several ‘pars’ tasks (which act as inputs into the finding/photometry tasks) as follows:

  • epar datapars:

  • fwhmpsf = FWHM;

  • sigma = σ SKY;

  • datamin = SKY – (6 × σ SKY);

  • datamax = ‘saturation value’ (must be less than max value i.e. max ‘good’ data value);

  • epar centerpars:

  • cbox = 2 × FWHM or 5 (whichever is larger);

  • epar fitskypars:

  • salgori = mode (for crowded images);

  • annulus = 4 × FWHM;

  • dannulus = 3.5 × FWHM;

  • epar photpars:

  • aperture = 1 × FWHM;

  • epar daopars:

  • psfrad = (4 × FWHM) + 1;

  • fitrad = 1 × FWHM or 3 (whichever is larger).

6.1.2 Intial Star List

After calculating the image parameters, the initial (first-pass) star list was created using the daofind task to run the search finding algorithm. This task was run several times using different detection thresholds between 3 and 5σ and compared by eye to maximise finding fainter stars and excluding noise.

6.1.3 Initial Photometry

Photometry of the stars in the first-pass list was calculated using daofind. Stars dumped by the task due to poor fits were manually checked to ensure no real stars were dropped. In practice, the dumped stars were either low signal noise spikes or saturated stars.

6.1.4 Calculating the Point Spread Function

The task pstselect was used to select 10 bright, non-saturated, isolated stars across the image to calculate the PSF. A characteristic PSF for the image was then calculated from these PSF stars. The robustness of the PSF was checked by subtracting the characteristic PSF from the 10 selected stars and their nearest neighbours and inspecting the residuals. In an iterative process, bad PSF stars were removed and the procedure repeated until good residuals were seen across the image meaning a reliable characteristic PSF for that image had been obtained.

6.1.5 Extracting the Stars and Fitting World Coordinates

Once the optimal image parameters and characteristic PSF had been obtained, the PSF model was fit to all the stars using allstar. The residuals after the PSF subtraction were carefully checked to ensure both bright and faint stars across the image had been successfully subtracted. The star coordinates were converted from pixels to world coordiates using wcsctran.