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Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Expanding Space: the Root of all Evil?

Matthew J. Francis A D , Luke A. Barnes A B , J. Berian James A C and Geraint F. Lewis A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

A Institute of Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

B Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, UK

C Institute for Astronomy, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK

D Corresponding author. Email: mfrancis@physics.usyd.edu.au

Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 24(2) 95-102 https://doi.org/10.1071/AS07019
Submitted: 1 June 2007  Accepted: 29 June 2007   Published: 31 July 2007

Abstract

While it remains the staple of virtually all cosmological teaching, the concept of expanding space in explaining the increasing separation of galaxies has recently come under fire as a dangerous idea whose application leads to the development of confusion and the establishment of misconceptions. In this paper we develop a notion of expanding space that is completely valid as a framework for the description of the evolution of the universe and whose application allows an intuitive understanding of the influence of universal expansion. We also demonstrate how arguments against the concept in general have failed thus far, as they imbue expanding space with physical properties not consistent with the expectations of general relativity.

Keywords: cosmology: theory


Acknowledgments

Research undertaken as part of the Commonwealth Cosmology Initiative (CCI: www.thecci.org), an international collaboration supported by the Australian Research Council. L.A.B. and J.B.J. are supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award. L.A.B. is also supported by a University of Sydney School of Physics Denison Merit Award. J.B.J. is also generously supported by the University of Edinburgh. M.J.F. is supported by a University of Sydney Faculty of Science UPA scholarship. G.F.L. gratefully acknowledges support through the University of Cambridge Institute of Astronomy visitor program. Brendon Brewer is thanked for helping suggest the title. This work has been supported by the Australian Research Council under grant DP 0665574.


References


Abramowicz, M. A., Bajtlik, S., Lasota, J.-P., &  Moudens, A. 2006, ArXiv e-prints, astro-ph/0612155,


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Barnes, L., Francis, M. J., James, J. B., &  Lewis, G. F. 2006, MNRAS, 373, 382
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Carrera, M., &  Giulini, D. 2006, (astro-ph/0602098),
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Chodorowski, M. 2006, Concepts Phys, 4, 17
An error has occurred in (ref id="R4"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
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ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Chodorowski, M. 2006, MNRAS, 378, 239
An error has occurred in (ref id="R5"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Davis, T. M., &  Lineweaver, C. H. 2004, PASA, 21, 97
An error has occurred in (ref id="R6"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Davis, T. M., Lineweaver, C. H., &  Webb, J. K. 2001, Am. J. Phys., 71, 358
An error has occurred in (ref id="R7"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Dicke, R. H., &  Peebles, P. J. 1964, PhRvL, 12, 435
An error has occurred in (ref id="R8"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Grøn, O., &  Elgarøy, O. 2006, Am. J. Phys., in press (astroph/0603162),
An error has occurred in (ref id="R9"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Harrison, E. R. 1995, ApJ, 446, 63
An error has occurred in (ref id="R10"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Harrison, E. 2000, ‘Cosmology: The Science of the Universe’ (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press),
An error has occurred in (ref id="R11"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Hobson, M. P., Efstathiou, G. P., &  Lasenby, A. N. 2005, ‘General Relativity:An Introduction for Physicists’ (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press),
An error has occurred in (ref id="R12"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
10
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
11
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3217
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
12
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
18
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CFINCLUDE
LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Lieu, R. 2007, ArXiv e-prints, astro-ph:0705.2462,
An error has occurred in (ref id="R13"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
ID ??
LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
3
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
4
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
5
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
8
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
9
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
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Page, D. 1993, ArXiv e-prints, gr-qc:9303008,
An error has occurred in (ref id="R14"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Rees, M. J., &  Weinberg, S. 1993, New Scientist, 1869, 32
An error has occurred in (ref id="R15"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
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1
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
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LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Tipler, F. J. 1996, MNRAS, 282, 206
An error has occurred in (ref id="R16"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_ARTICLE
LINE 3216
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
15
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
16
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
17
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_GENARTICLECONTENT
LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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LINE 10
RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
19
struct
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LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
20
struct
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
struct
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LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
22
struct
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
23
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_CFPAGE
LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
24
struct
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LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
25
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Whiting, A. B. 2004, Obs, 124, 174
An error has occurred in (ref id="R17"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
2
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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3
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
6
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 15
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
7
struct
COLUMN 0
ID CF_INCLUDEJOURNALREF_B
LINE 12
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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struct
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LINE 11
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 3230
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_ARTICLE
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
13
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ID CF_TEMPLATEPROXY
LINE 2978
RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
14
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 99
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 1
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 30
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 241
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
21
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LINE 327
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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ID CF_UDFMETHOD
LINE 39
RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 634
RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 16
RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 18
RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML



Weinberg, S. 1972, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (Wiley-VCH),
An error has occurred in (ref id="R18"). Variable LPAGE is undefined. [empty string]
array
1
struct
COLUMN 0
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LINE 243
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor10(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:243)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 180
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor12(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:180)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 177
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor13(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:177)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
TYPE CFML
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LINE 176
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor14(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:176)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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LINE 170
RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor40(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:170)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor41(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:15)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor42(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:12)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986._factor43(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:11)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfincludeJournalRef_B2ecfm1510229986.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\includeJournalRef_B.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor150(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3230)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1._factor151(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3217)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcREFERENCESDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:3216)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfArticle2ecfc1291681887$funcBACKSECTIONSFORABSTRACTONLYDTD1.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc:2978)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\modules\journal\Article.cfc
TYPE CFML
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LINE 118
RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor2(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:118)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor4(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:99)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447._factor6(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfgenArticleContent2ecfm782833447.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm:1)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\journal\generator\genArticleContent.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfStaticPageLayout2ecfm1426351739.runPage(G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm:10)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\views\layout\StaticPageLayout.cfm
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcRENDERLAYOUT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:30)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLECONTENT.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:241)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENARTICLE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:327)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfCacheController2ecfc639388092$funcGENCACHE.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc:39)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\controller\CacheController.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfPublishingApp2ecfc536529069$funcPROCESSREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc:634)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\PublishingApp.cfc
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RAW_TRACE at cfBootstrap2ecfc660975501$funcHANDLEREQUEST.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc:16)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\app\Bootstrap.cfc
TYPE CFML
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RAW_TRACE at cfApplication2ecfc757760907$funcONREQUESTSTART.runFunction(G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc:18)
TEMPLATE G:\www\publishha\webroot\Application.cfc
TYPE CFML










1 www.roe.ac.uk/˜jap/book/additions.html

2 The kinematical view can be useful, but remains only a local approximation. The exception is the Milne model: in an empty universe we can make a coordinate transformation that exchanges the FRW metric for the Minkowski metric (see Harrison 2000, p. 88), effectively extending our local Minkowski frame to all spacetime. This is only possible because there is no cosmological fluid to define the rest frame of the universe. Hence the Milne model cannot be used to make general comments on the nature of the cosmological expansion, cf. Chodorowski (2006a). Recently it has been claimed by Chodorowski (2006b) that conformal transformations of general FRW metrics can produce a common global frame describing the entire spacetime, analogous to the common Minkowski frame in the Milne model. This will be examined in a future contribution.

3 The case where the universe is accelerating is a little more complex. For small initial distances the particle will move away from the origin as might be expected. However for greater distances the particle can initially move towards the origin. The reasons are somewhat subtle and we will focus on the accelerating case for clarity. See Grøn & Elgarøy (2006) for full details of the accelerating universe case.

4 This part of the derivation is similar to the derivation of the cosmological redshift directly from the FRW metric, see, among many others, Hobson, Efstathiou, & Lasenby (2005, p. 368).