
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dodds, KA 
A1  - Penrose, LJ 
A1  - Bower, CC 
A1  - Nicol, H 
T1  - The importance of pest and disease damage as a cause of commercial downgrading of apple fruit
JF  - Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
JO  - Aust. J. Exp. Agric.
Y1  - 1994
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 431
EP  - 434
KW  - 
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1071/EA9940431 
N2  - A 2-year study of downgrading and wastage in apples was part of a pest and disease control project in the Batlow district of New South Wales. Records were kept of specific reasons for rejection.One-third of the annual harvest was downgraded to grade 2, juice, or wastage. The main cause was physical damage (around 20%), especially due to bruising and injuries. Disease damage generally caused rejection of <1% of fruit, while insects generally damaged <5%. Other physical damage such as limb rub, sunburn, hail damage, russetting, and bitter pit accounted for most of the remaining downgrading. 
ER  -

