Chief executive officers retention model for Australian hospitals
Nebu Mathew A * , Chaojie (George) Liu A and Hanan Khalil AA
Abstract
This study aims to develop a comprehensive chief executive officer (CEO) retention model for Australian hospitals, addressing high turnover rates by integrating key retention strategies to promote organisational stability and enhance patient care.
The study employed a sequential exploratory design with four stages: a scoping review, qualitative interviews, a quantitative survey, and comprehensive data analysis. The scoping review examined existing literature on CEO turnover and retention. Qualitative interviews with 14 Australian hospital CEOs provided in-depth insights. A quantitative survey with 51 CEOs validated the findings. Data triangulation ensured a robust and contextually relevant model aligned with Transformational Leadership Theory and a systems approach.
Five key factors influencing CEO retention were identified: mutual respect and clear roles between CEOs and boards, fostering a positive organisational culture, competitive rewards, robust recruitment and retention practices, and ongoing professional development and mentorship. The model emphasises a supportive environment, equitable compensation, effective succession planning, and leadership development. Findings indicate a holistic approach addressing both professional environment and personal growth is essential for improving CEO retention rates.
The CEO retention model provides practical solutions to reduce turnover and enhance stability in Australian hospitals. By incorporating Transformational Leadership Theory and a systems approach, the model offers a comprehensive framework that addresses the multifaceted nature of CEO retention. Future research should refine these strategies and explore their applicability in different healthcare settings to further enhance effectiveness.
Keywords: Australia, CEO, health, hospitals, leadership, organisation, retention, turnover.
References
1 Sinnott DJ. Leadership Turnover: The Health Care Crisis Nobody Talks About. Trustee 2008; 61(7): 29, 32.
| Google Scholar | PubMed |
2 Duffield C, Roche M, Blay N, Thoms D, Stasa H. The consequences of executive turnover. J Res Nurs 2011; 16(6): 503-514.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
3 Khaliq AA, Walston SL, Thompson DM. Is Chief Executive Officer Turnover Good for the Hospital? Health Care Manag 2007; 26(4): 341-346.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
4 Kaur R. Employee Retention Models and Factors Affecting Employees Retention in IT Companies. Int J Bus Adm Manag 2014; 7(2): 150-168 Available at https://www.ripublication.com/ijbamspl17/ijbamv7n2spl_15.pdf.
| Google Scholar |
5 Mathew NV, Liu C, Khalil H. Factors associated with health CEO turnover - a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24: 861.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
6 Mathew NV, Liu C, Khalil H. Causes & consequences of health care CEO turnover in Australia and retention strategies: A qualitative study. Inquiry 2024; 61: 00469580241233250.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
7 Mathew N, Liu CG, Khalil H. Turnover factors and retention strategies for chief executive officers in Australian hospitals. Aust Health Rev 2024;
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
8 Timmermans S, Tavory I. Theory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis. Sociol Theory 2012; 30(3): 167-186.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
9 Friedman B, Schnorr L. Figure 1. Employee Retention Model. ResGate, 15 March 2016. Available at https://www.cambriainstitute.com/journals/cambria-institute-journals-paper-detail.cfm?pid=233 [retrieved 15 June 2024].
10 Holtom BC, Mitchell TR, Lee TW, Eberly MB. Turnover and Retention Research: A Glance at the Past, a Closer Review of the Present, and a Venture into the Future. Acad Manag Ann 2008; 2(1): 231-274.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
12 O’Reilly CA, Caldwell DF, Chatman JA, Doerr B. The Promise and Problems of Organisational Culture: CEO Personality, Culture, and Firm Performance. Group Organ Manag 2014; 39(6): 595-625.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
14 De Janasz S, Peiperl M. CEOs Need Mentors Too. Harvard Business Review, April 2015. Available at https://hbr.org/2015/04/ceos-need-mentors-too
15 Fetters MD, Curry LA, Creswell JW. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs—Principles and practices. Health Serv Res 2013; 48(6pt2): 2134-2156.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
16 Khalil H, Kynoch K. Implementation of sustainable complex interventions in health care services: the triple C model. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21: 143.
| Crossref | Google Scholar | PubMed |
17 Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators (ICSA). ICSA report 1. 2020. Available at https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/93068/1/24Sep2020ICSA%20Report%201%20-%20Version%206%20-%2014%20June%202017.pdf
20 Pye A, Pettigrew A. Studying Board Context, Process and Dynamics: Some Challenges for the Future. Br J Manag 2005; 16(s1): S27-S38.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
21 Brown WA. Exploring the Association Between Board and Organizational Performance in Nonprofit Organizations. Nonprofit Manag Leadersh 2005; 15(3): 317-339.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
22 Pizzitola M, Sorrentino J, Bosshard S. Retaining the C-Suite After CEO Turnover. The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance; 2021. Available at https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/02/13/retaining-the-c-suite-after-ceo-turnover/ [retrieved 15 June 2024].
23 Ronnie MRK. The employee retention strategies used by Australian CEOs. Vistage; 2023. Available at https://www.vistage.com.au/growth-and-strategy/employee-retention-strategies/ [retrieved 15 June 2024].
24 Hart LG, Robertson DG, Lishner DM, Rosenblatt RA. CEO turnover in rural northwest hospitals. Hosp Health Serv Adm 1993; 38(3): 353-374.
| Google Scholar | PubMed |
25 Shi J, de Jong J. Insider or outsider? The separate and joint effects of firm performance and diversification on CEO recruitment. J Manag Gov 2020; 24(1): 91-115.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
26 Charan R. The Secrets of Great CEO Selection. Harvard Business Review, 14 November 2016. Available at https://hbr.org/2016/12/the-secrets-of-great-ceo-selection
27 Crapper M. Why Is CEO Succession Planning Important? Redline Executive; 2023. Available at https://www.redlineexecutive.com/content-hub/why-is-ceo-succession-planning-important [retrieved 15 June 2024].
28 Moats M, DeNicola P. How the Best Boards Approach CEO Succession Planning. The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance; 2021. Available at https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/09/20/how-the-best-boards-approach-ceo-succession-planning/ [retrieved 15 June 2024].
29 Berger BK, Meng J (editors). Public Relations Leaders as Sensemakers: A Global Study of Leadership in Public Relations and Communication Management, 1st edn. Routledge; 2014. 10.4324/9781315858937
30 Omilion-Hodges LM, Baker CR. Communicating Leader-Member Relationship Quality: The Development of Leader Communication Exchange Scales to Measure Relationship Building and Maintenance Through the Exchange of Communication-Based Goods. Int J Bus Commun 2017; 54(2): 115-145.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
31 Zahra SA, Pearce JA. Boards of Directors and Corporate Financial Performance: A Review and Integrative Model. J Manag 1989; 15(2): 291-334.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
32 Nicholson GJ, Kiel GC. A Framework for Diagnosing Board Effectiveness. Corp Gov Int Rev 2004; 12(4): 442-460.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |
33 Fisher CD. Happiness at Work. Int J Manag Rev 2010; 12(4): 384-412.
| Crossref | Google Scholar |