Observations on populations of a small insectivorous bird, Malurus leucopterus leuconotus Dumont, after an application of two ultra-low-volume (ULV) insecticides, fenitrothion and fipronil, in arid Australia
Kimberly Maute![https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4791-8743](/media/client/orcid_16x16.png)
A Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
B Australian Plague Locust Commission, GPO Box 858, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
C Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
D CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, Acton, ACT 2600, Australia.
Australian Journal of Zoology 69(6) 229-238 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO22006
Submitted: 9 February 2022 Accepted: 5 August 2022 Published: 25 October 2022
© 2021 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides to manage locust populations in natural ecosystems is likely to impact non-target arthropods and their predators. However, the relative effects of different locust control applications on Australian birds are unknown. Aerial applications of fipronil and fenitrothion are examples of two pesticides used in locust control in semiarid Australia. To test the relative impacts of pesticides on non-target fauna, pesticides were applied to replicate sites using aerial ultra-low-volume application methods. The body condition and biomarkers of pesticide exposure in resident white-winged fairy wrens (Malurus leucopterus leuconotus) at treatment and control sites were measured for two weeks before and after treatments. No measures suggested negative impacts of pesticide applications. However, birds monitored at treatment sites gained mass, possibly due to indirect impacts of pesticides on bird feeding patterns or the availability or behaviour of insect prey. Bird mass measures remained high at fipronil sites, whereas the mass of birds at fenitrothion sites returned to baseline levels within one week. As this study was conducted during dry conditions, when locust plagues are less likely, future insecticide research should also consider the availability of insect prey, its effect on insectivore feeding behaviour and the interaction of rainfall events.
Keywords: Adonis, barrier treatment, drought, Maluridae, insectivore, locust, organophosphate, white-winged fairy wren.
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