Comparative echolocation and foraging ecology of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae) and Old World leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideridae)1
Chris R. Pavey
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
CSIRO Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 44, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia. Email: chris.pavey@csiro.au
Australian Journal of Zoology - https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO20047
Submitted: 11 June 2020 Accepted: 14 December 2020 Published online: 22 January 2021
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2021 Open Access CC BY
Abstract
Horseshoe (Rhinolphidae) and Old World leaf-nosed (Hipposideridae) bats are high duty cycle (HDC) echolocators sharing a suite of adaptations including long duration signals relative to their signal periods, peak energy concentrated in a narrow spectral band dominated by a constant frequency (CF) component, ‘auditory fovea’ (over-representation and sharp tuning of neurons responsible for frequencies at or around the CF) and ability to compensate for Doppler shifts in echoes. HDC bats separate signals from returning echoes in the frequency domain. Rhinolophids are more specialised neurobiologically than hipposiderids, producing longer duration signals at higher duty cycles, and have narrowly tuned auditory fovea and almost full Doppler shift compensation. Here, I examine whether these differences have produced ecological divergence between the families by testing predictions of differences in prey perception, prey capture behaviour, foraging habitat and diet. I found no discernible differences in these variables between the two families. Rhinolophids and hipposiderids both forage close to vegetation, capture prey by aerial hawking and gleaning from surfaces, and consume mostly flying insects with spiders and terrestrial, flightless arthropods taken occasionally. The data presented here show that the two families are similar in foraging ecology despite differences in echolocation and audition.
Keywords: aerial hawking, auditory fovea, constant frequency, Doppler shift compensation, duty cycle, echolocation, gleaning, insectivore.
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