Small marsupial, big dispersal? Broad- and fine-scale genetic structure of an endangered marsupial from the Australian arid zone
Amanda L. McLean
A B J , Steven J. B. Cooper A B C , Melanie L. Lancaster D , Glen Gaikhorst E , Cathy Lambert F , Katherine Moseby A G , John Read A G , Matthew Ward H and Susan M. Carthew I
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
B Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
C Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
D Healesville Sanctuary, Badger Creek Road, Healesville, Vic. 3777, Australia.
E GHD House, 239 Adelaide Terrace, Perth, WA 6004, Australia.
F Perth Zoo, 20 Labouchere Road, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia.
G Ecological Horizons Pty Ltd, Kimba, SA 5641, Australia.
H Department for Environment and Water, 81–95 Waymouth Street, SA 5035, Australia.
I Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia.
J Corresponding author. Email: amanda.louise.mclean@gmail.com
Australian Journal of Zoology 66(3) 214-227 https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO18054
Submitted: 19 July 2018 Accepted: 18 December 2018 Published: 22 February 2019
Abstract
The irregular nature of rainfall in the Australian arid and semiarid zones results in a heterogeneous distribution of resources in both time and space. The mammal species that reside in these regions are uniquely adapted to these climatic conditions, often occurring in naturally low densities and increasing significantly in numbers following major rainfall events. We investigated how these adaptations may influence genetic diversity and gene flow across the landscape in an endangered semiarid/arid-zone marsupial, the sandhill dunnart (Sminthopsis psammophila), from three known populations in southern Australia. Analyses of mitochondrial control region (CR) sequences and microsatellite loci revealed that S. psammophila had maintained similar levels of genetic diversity to other sympatric Sminthopsis species despite its endangered status. There was no evidence for significant phylogeographic structure within the species, but each population was genetically differentiated, based on the frequency of microsatellite alleles and CR haplotypes, suggesting that they should be considered as distinct Management Units for conservation. At a fine spatial scale, no significant genetic structure or sex-biased dispersal was detected within a study site of 240 km2. These findings suggest that both sexes are highly mobile, which allows individuals to locate localised resource patches when they become available. We detected evidence of a genetic bottleneck within the population, possibly caused by a recent drought. Our study highlights the importance of maintaining connectivity across the landscape for semiarid- and arid-zone species to enable them to track resource pulses and maintain genetic diversity.
Additional keywords: Dasyuridae, endangered species, management unit, microsatellite marker, mitochondrial sequence.
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