Lead-Poisoning in Black Swans, Cygnus-Atratus, Exposed to Spent Lead Shot at Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, South-Australia

Abstract

Following an outbreak of lead-poisoning in waterfowl at the Boo1 Lagoon Game Reserve in southeastern South Australia, a survey was undertaken to determine the extent of lead contamination in the black swan, Cygnus atratus, at the Reserve. Fifty swans were examined for lead shot in gizzard contents and for lead in blood, muscle, liver and wing bone. The data showed that about 40% of swans had excessive exposure to lead above the background levels. Assay of copper, iron, selenium and zinc in liver indicated there was no interaction between these trace elements and lead. This study demonstrated the need for more research into the effects of hunting on Australian waterfowl populations.