Free Standard AU & NZ Shipping For All Book Orders Over $80!
Register      Login
Wildlife Research Wildlife Research Society
Ecology, management and conservation in natural and modified habitats
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Human dimensions of wildlife population management in Australasia – history, approaches and directions

Kelly K. Miller
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia. Email: kelly.miller@deakin.edu.au

Wildlife Research 36(1) 48-56 https://doi.org/10.1071/WR08006
Submitted: 17 January 2008  Accepted: 26 November 2008   Published: 21 January 2009

Abstract

It is now widely accepted that it is important to understand the ‘human dimensions’ of wildlife management issues in order to achieve management goals. This growing field of study was born in the 1960s and involves an examination of societal values, knowledge and behaviours associated with wildlife and wildlife management issues. This paper provides an overview of the history and directions in human dimensions research, focusing specifically on its application for wildlife population management in Australasia (in particular, Australia and New Zealand). It also provides a ‘toolkit’ of methods and approaches for those wishing to undertake, interpret or utilise human dimensions enquiries.


Acknowledgements

I thank the Australasian Wildlife Management Society and Dr Jim Hone for the opportunity to present this work at the 2007 Fenner Conference on the Environment. Thanks to Dr Camilla Myers, Dr Andrea Taylor and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper.


References

Aslin, H. J. , and Bennett, D. H. (2005). Two tool boxes for wildlife management? Human Dimensions of Wildlife 10, 95–107.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Australasian Wildlife Management Society (AWMS) (2007). AWMS position on urban wildlife. http://www.awms.org.nz/positionstatements/urban.html [accessed 6 November 2007].

Ballard G. (2006). Introduction. In ‘Social Drivers of Invasive Animal Control. Proceedings of the Invasive Animals CRC Workshop on Social Drivers of Invasive Animal Control’. (Ed. G. Ballard.) p. 1. (Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre: Canberra.)

Bangs, E. E. , Fritts, S. H. , Fontaine, J. A. , Smith, D. W. , Murphy, K. M. , Mack, C. M. , and Niemeyer, C. C. (1998). Status of gray wolf restoration in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. Wildlife Society Bulletin 26, 785–798.
Barbour R. S. , and Kitzinger J. (eds) (2001). ‘Developing Focus Group Research: Politics, Theory and Practice.’ (Sage Publications: London.)

Baxter, G. S. , Hockings, M. , Carter, R. W. , and Beeton, J. S. (1999). Trends in wildlife management and the appropriateness of Australian university training. Conservation Biology 13, 842–849.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Burdess N. (1994). ‘The Really Understandable Stats Book’. (Prentice Hall: Sydney.)

Burton, M. , Marsh, S. , and Patterson, J. (2007). Community attitudes towards water management in the Moore Catchment, Western Australia. Agricultural Systems 92, 157–178.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Caughley G. (1983). ‘The Deer Wars: The Story of Deer in New Zealand.’ (Heinemann: Auckland.)

Caughley G. , Shepherd N. , and Short J. (1987). ‘Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia.’ (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Claridge, C. L. (1998). Rural women, decision making and leadership within environmental and landcare groups. Rural Society 8, 183–195.
Cocklin C. , Dibden J. , Kilpatrick S. , Higgins V. , Sass J. , Snell D. , Birrell B. , Falk I. , Pfueller S. , and Waddell D. (2001). Social capability in rural Victoria: the food and agriculture and natural resource management sectors. Victorian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Bendigo, Victoria.

Czaja R. , and Blair J. (1996). ‘Designing Surveys: A Guide to Decisions and Procedures.’ (Pine Forge Press: Thousand Oaks, CA.)

Decker, D. J. , and Chase, L. C. (1997). Human dimensions of living with wildlife – a management challenge for the 21st century. Wildlife Society Bulletin 25, 788–795.
Decker D. J. , Brown T. L. , and Mattfeld G. F. (1987). Integrating social science into wildlife management: barriers and limitations. In ‘Social Science in Natural Resource Management Systems’. (Eds M. L. Miller, R. P. Gale and P. J. Brown.) pp. 83–92. (Westview Press: Boulder, CO.)

Decker D. J. , Brown T. L. , and Siemer W. F. (2001). ‘Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in North America.’ (The Wildlife Society: Bethesda, MD.)

Deruiter, D. S. , and Donnelly, M. P. (2002). A qualitative approach to measuring determinants of wildlife value orientations. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 7, 251–271.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Dickman C. R. , Pimm S. L. , and Cardillo M. (2007). The pathology of biodiversity loss: the practice of conservation. In ‘Key Topics in Conservation Biology’. (Eds D. W. Macdonald and K. Service.) pp. 1–16. (Blackwell Publishing: Malden, USA.)

Dillman D. A. (2007). ‘Mail and Internet Surveys: The Tailored Design Method.’ 2nd edn. (John Wiley & Sons: New York.)

Ferrar A. A. (1983). Foreword. In ‘Management of Large Mammals in African Conservation Areas’. (Ed. N. Owen-Smith.) pp. iii–v. (HAUM Educational Publishers: Pretoria.)

Finch, N. A. , and Baxter, G. S. (2007). Oh deer, what can the matter be? Landholder attitudes toward deer management in Queensland. Wildlife Research 34, 211–217.
Fitzgerald G. , Fitzgerald N. , and Davidson C. (2007). Public attitudes towards invasive animals and their impacts. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra.

Fitzgibbon, S. I. , and Jones, D. N. (2006). A community-based wildlife survey: the knowledge and attitudes of residents of suburban Brisbane, with a focus on bandicoots. Wildlife Research 33, 233–241.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Fly J. M. , Jakus P. M. , and Stephens B. (1997). Hunting by Tennessee residents: a report on activities and attitudes for the 1992, 1993, and 1994 hunting seasons. The University of Tennessee Research Report, 97–13. The University of Tennessee, Tennessee.

Fulton, D. C. , Manfredo, M. J. , and Lipscomb, J. (1996). Wildlife value orientations: a conceptual and measurement approach. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 1, 24–47.
Gilbert F. F. , and Dodds D. G. (1992). ‘The Philosophy and Practice of Wildlife Management.’ 2nd edn. (Krieger Publishing Company: Florida.)

Harding R. (1998). ‘Environmental Decision-making: The Roles of Scientists, Engineers and the Public.’ (Federation Press: Sydney.)

Haw, M. , Cocklin, C. , and Mercer, D. (2000). A pinch of salt: landholder perception and adjustment to the salinity hazard in Victoria, Australia. Journal of Rural Studies 16, 155–169.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Hook R. A. , and Robinson R. L. (1982). Attitude of Michigan citizens toward predators. In ‘Wolves of the World: Perspectives of Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation’. (Eds F. H. Harrington and P. C. Paquet.) pp. 382–394. (Noyes: Park Ridge, NJ.)

Horn C. (2006). Involving communities in animal pest control. In ‘Social Drivers of Invasive Animal Control. Proceedings of the Invasive Animals CRC Workshop on Social Drivers of Invasive Animal Control’. (Ed. G. Ballard.) pp. 21–28. (Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre: Canberra.)

IUCN (1997). Conserving vitality and diversity. In ‘Proceedings of the World Conservation Congress Workshop on Alien Invasive Species’. (Compiled by C. D. A. Rubec and G. O. Lee.) (Species Survival Commission, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: Gland, Switzerland; North American Wetlands Conservation Council: Ottawa, Canada; Canadian Wildlife Service: Ottawa, Canada.)

Jones, D. N. , and Thomas, L. K. (1998). Managing to live with Brisbane’s wildlife: magpies and the management of positive and negative interactions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 107, 45–49.
Jones D. N. , Enck J. W. , Siemer W. F. , Decker D. J. , and Brown T. L. (1998). An introduction to human dimensions of wildlife management: taking the North American experience to Australia. HDRU Series, 98–7. (Human Dimensions Research Unit, Cornell University: Ithaca, NY.)

Jonker, S. A. , Muth, R. M. , Organ, J. F. , Zwick, R. R. , and Siemer, W. F. (2006). Experiences with beaver damage and attitudes of Massachusetts residents toward beaver. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34, 1009–1021.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Kellert S. R. (1996). ‘The Value of Life: Biological Diversity and Human Society.’ (Island Press: Washington, DC.)

King, F. H. (1948). The management of man. Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin 13, 9–11.
Lever C. (1992). ‘They Dined on Eland: the Story of Acclimatisation Societies.’ (Quiller Press: London.)

Llewellyn, L. G. , Mangun, W. R. , and Mangun, J. C. (1998). Human dimensions in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision making. Transactions of the North American Wildlife & Natural Resources Conference 63, 227–238.
Macdonald I. A. W. , Loope L. L. , Usher M. B. , and Hamann O. (1989). Wildlife conservation and the invasion of nature reserves by introduced species: a global perspective. In ‘Biological Invasion: a Global Perspective’. (Eds J. A. Drake and H. A. Mooney.) pp. 215–254. (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment, International Council of Scientific Unions: Wiley, Chichester.)

Macdonald W. W. , King C. M. , and Strachan R. (2007). Introduced species and the line between biodiversity conservation and naturalistic eugenics. In ‘Key Topics in Conservation Biology’. (Eds D. W. Macdonald and K. Service.) pp. 186–205. (Blackwell Publishing: Malden, USA.)

Manfredo, M. J. (1989). Human dimensions of wildlife management. Wildlife Society Bulletin 17, 447–449.
Manfredo M. J. , Vaske J. J. , and Decker D. J. (1995). Human dimensions of wildlife management: basic concepts. In ‘Wildlife and Recreationists: Coexistence Through Management and Research’. (Eds R. L. Knight and K. J. Gutzwiller.) pp. 17–31. (Island Press: Washington, DC.)

Manfredo, M. J. , Pierce, C. L. , Fulton, D. , Pate, J. , and Gill, B. R. (1999). Public acceptance of wildlife trapping in Colorado. Wildlife Society Bulletin 27, 499–508.
Marshall G. (2008). Community-based, regional delivery of natural resources management: building system-wide capacities to motivate voluntary farmer adoption of conservation practices. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Barton, Australian Capital Territory.

McKenzie-Mohr D. and Smith W. (1999). ‘Fostering Sustainable Behaviour: An Introduction to Community-based Social Marketing.’ (New Society: Gabriola Island, Canada.)

McKnight J. , and Sutton J. (1994). ‘Social Psychology.’ (Prentice Hall: Sydney.)

McLeod R. (2004). ‘Counting the Cost: Impact of Invasive Animals in Australia 2004.’ (Cooperative Research Centre for Pest Animal Control: Canberra.)

Meadow, R. , Reading, R. P. , Phillips, M. , Mehringer, M. , and Miller, B. (2005). The influence of persuasive arguments on public attitudes toward a proposed wolf restoration in the southern Rockies. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33, 154–163.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | Osborne M. A. (1987). ‘The Société Zoologique d’Acclimatation and the New French Empire: the Science and Political Economy of Economic Zoology during the Second Empire.’ Doctoral Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Owen-Smith N. (Ed.) (1983). ‘Management of Large Mammals in African Conservation Areas.’ (HAUM Educational Publishers: Pretoria.)

Prevett P. T. , Murphy M. , and Smithyman S. (1995). An investigation of the human factors relevant to rabbit pest management in Victoria. In ‘Nature Conservation 4: The Role of Networks’. (Eds D. A. Saunders, J. L. Craig and E. M. Mattiske.) pp. 220–227. (Surrey Beatty: Sydney.)

Reading, R. P. , Clark, T. W. , and Arnold, A. (1994a). Attitudes toward the endangered eastern barred bandicoot. Anthrozoos 7, 255–269.
Robson C. (2002). ‘Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers.’ 2nd edn. (Blackwell Publishing: Oxford.)

Ross, H. , Bunchy, M. , and Proctor, W. (2002). Laying down the ladder: a typology of public participation in Australian natural resource management. Australian Journal of Environmental Management 9, 205–217.
Shepherd N. , and Caughley G. (1987). Options for management of kangaroos. In ‘Kangaroos: Their Ecology and Management in the Sheep Rangelands of Australia’. (Eds G. Caughley, N. Shepherd and J. Short.) pp. 188–219. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)

Sinclair A. R. E. , Fryxell J. M. , and Caughley G. (2006). ‘Wildlife Ecology, Conservation, and Management.’ 2nd edn. (Blackwell Publishing: Oxford.)

Smith, A. , and Sutton, S. (2008). The role of a flagship species in the formation of conservation intentions. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13, 127–140.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Tarrant, M. A. , Bright, A. D. , and Cordell, H. K. (1997). Attitudes toward wildlife species protection: assessing moderating and mediating effects in the value–attitude relationship. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2, 1–20.


Tisdell, C. , Nantha, H. S. , and Wilson, C. (2007). Conservation and use of the hawksbill turtle – public valuation and attitudes: an Australian case study. Pacific Conservation Biology 13, 35–46.


Vietmeyer, N. , and Gasteiger, A. (1992). A cuddly critter is eating New Zealand’s lunch. Smithsonian 23, 92–100.


Williams, C. K. , Ericsson, G. , and Heberlein, T. A. (2002). A quantitative summary of attitudes toward wolves and their reintroduction (1972–2000). Wildlife Society Bulletin 30, 575–584.


Wilson, C. , and Tisdell, C. (2003). Conservation and economic benefits of wildlife-based marine tourism: sea turtles and whales as case studies. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 8, 49–58.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Wood, J. , Knowler, D. , and Gurung, O. (2008). Assessing the prospects for community-based wildlife management: the Himalayan musk deer (Moschos chrysogaster) in Nepal. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 13, 16–30.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |

Zinn, H. C. , Manfredo, M. J. , and Barro, S. C. (2002). Patterns of wildlife value orientations in hunters’ families. Human Dimensions of Wildlife 7, 147–162.
Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |




1 The work of Dr Graeme Caughley is singled out here for the purposes of the special issue of Wildlife Research in which this article appears. The special issue includes a collection of papers presented at the 2007 Fenner Conference on the Environment. The theme of this conference was Wildlife Population Dynamics and Management and celebrated the 20th anniversary of the Australasian Wildlife Management Society as well as Caughley’s distinguished wildlife management career.