Effect of irrigation on soil physical properties on temperate pastoral farms: a regional New Zealand study
John J. Drewry
A * , Sam Carrick B , Veronica Penny B , John L. Dando A and Nina Koele C D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Soils and Landscapes, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
B Soils and Landscapes, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, New Zealand.
C Land Use and Ecosystems, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln, New Zealand.
D Present address: Te Hunga Mārama o te Taiao (Evidence, Data and Insights), Ministry for the Environment, PO Box 10362, Wellington, New Zealand.
Soil Research 60(8) 760-771 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR21254
Submitted: 11 October 2021 Accepted: 15 March 2022 Published: 4 May 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND)
Abstract
Context: Many regions in the world have undergone rapid land use change and intensification of agricultural land, such as through irrigation expansion, upgrading irrigation systems, and changing grassland, stock, and nutrient management practices. With more intensive land use, changes to soil properties can occur, such as soil compaction and changes in soil water storage. The effects of modern sprinkler-irrigated pastoral farming on soil physical properties are not well quantified internationally, particularly for temperate climates.
Aims: This regional study evaluates the effect of irrigation on soil physical properties in topsoil and subsoil, under modern pastoral grazing and sprinkler irrigation, across Canterbury, New Zealand.
Methods: Paired sites were sampled, consisting of a spray-irrigated paddock (field) and an adjoined part of the same paddock that was dryland (unirrigated), with other management the same for each pair.
Key results: Under irrigation there was a shift towards a greater abundance of smaller pores. This was reflected in macroporosity and readily available water capacity being significantly lower under irrigation, while semi-available water capacity and unavailable water held below permanent wilting point both increased.
Conclusions: These differences reflect increased compaction under irrigated grazed pasture, particularly under dairy grazing, consistent with findings in similar studies. This study quantified changes in both the topsoil and subsoil but showed that most differences were confined to the topsoil (30 cm depth).
Implications: For irrigation management, our study indicates the lower readily available water capacity on irrigated pasture is significant, with farmers potentially having to irrigate more frequently. Adopting deficit irrigation could minimise impacts of compaction.
Keywords: available water capacity, compaction, crop lower limit, land use change, macroporosity, readily available water capacity, soil health, soil quality.
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