Soil carbon stock and biological activity in silvopastoral systems planted with Eucalyptus grandis in a tropical climate
Elwira Daphinn Silva Moreira A , Alan Figueiredo de Oliveira
A * , Claudinei Alves dos Santos A , Lúcio Carlos Gonçalves A , Maria Celuta Machado Viana B , Ivanildo Evódio Marriel C , Miguel Marques Gontijo Neto C , Ramon Costa Alvarenga C and Ângela Maria Quintão Lana A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
B Experimental Field Santa Rita, Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company, 35701-970 Prudente de Moraes, MG, Brazil.
C Brazilian Agricultural Research Company – Maize and Sorghum, 35701-970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil.
Soil Research 60(7) 705-718 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR21223
Submitted: 27 August 2021 Accepted: 22 February 2022 Published: 30 March 2022
© 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing
Abstract
Context: There is little information on the effects of tree densities and ages of silvopastoral systems (SSPs) on total soil carbon stock (TSCS).
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the TSCS, carbon and nitrogen fractionation and biological activity in SSPs planted with Eucalyptus grandis in different densities and ages.
Methods: Two SSPs (333 or 166 trees ha−1) and one full sun pasture (FSP) grown for 5 or 7 years and native vegetation (NV) were evaluated (seven treatments). Samples were collected up to 1 m deep to evaluate the variables.
Key results: Particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were higher (P < 0.05) in FSP (14.1 and 0.725 g kg−1), intermediate in SSP (9.88 and 0.46 g kg−1) and lower in NV (6.12 and 0.29 g kg−1). TSCS was 44.8% (194 vs 134 Mg ha−1; P < 0.001) higher in SSP and FSP compared to NV. Higher tree density reduced TSCS in younger systems, but without effect on older systems. TSCS was 13.7% (207 vs 182 Mg ha−1; P = 0.026), POC was 52.0% (11.9 vs 7.83 g kg−1; P < 0.001) and PON was 54.4% (0.556 vs 0.360 g kg−1; P < 0.001) higher in SSP for 7 compared to 5 years, respectively.
Conclusions: Tree density had a limited effect on TSCS. Higher SSP age increased carbon sequestration, probably due to greater cycling in the particulate fraction and better biological activity.
Implications: The SSP and well-managed FSP are good strategies to increase TSCS compared to NV, and their use can improve environmental indicators.
Keywords: agroforestry, carbon management, carbon sequestration, greenhouse effect, integrated systems, livestock–forest integration, nitrogen management, nutrient cycling.
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