Impact of drying–rewetting cycles and organic amendments on phosphorus speciation of paddy soil
Sepideh Bagheri Novair A , Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
A C , Hassan Etesami A and Teimour Razavipour B
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
B Rice Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
C Corresponding author. Email: mirseyed@ut.ac.ir
Soil Research 59(5) 472-487 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR20308
Submitted: 3 November 2020 Accepted: 13 February 2021 Published: 12 May 2021
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of drying–rewetting cycles on phosphorus (P) speciation in paddy soils with organic amendments incorporated. In this study, the responses of microbial biomass P (MBP), alkaline phosphatase activity, inorganic pyrophosphatase activity, soluble P, available P (AP), organic P, total P (TP), organic carbon (C), and C:P ratio to two types of the organic amendment (Azolla compost and rice straw) under drying–rewetting cycles were evaluated in a 60-day incubation experiment. The experimental treatments follow: amendment factor at three levels of (i) unamended control (NT), (ii) soil amended with Azolla compost (AC), and (iii) soil amended with rice straw (RS); and irrigation regimes factor at three levels of (i) constant soil moisture in a waterlogged state, (ii) mild drying–rewetting (MDR) (moisture reduced to 100% water-holding capacity (WHC) at alternate periods), and (iii) severe drying–rewetting (SDR) (moisture reduced to 70% WHC at alternate periods). Soil drying–rewetting increased the contents of AP and soluble P and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase, but decreased contents of organic P and organic C. The contents of AP and TP in organic treated soils were significantly higher than those in non-treated soils (P < 0.01). Application of AC and RS amendments increased organic P content (45% and 46%, respectively) and also further intensified the increase in AP content (63% and 37%, respectively), soluble P content (3.7- and 2.7-fold, respectively), and MBP content (6.0- and 1.6-fold, respectively) compared to control. Rice straw addition combined with MDR also increased the C:P ratio 30 days after incubation. The MBP as a microbial factor had the highest correlation with other measured indices. The MDR along with organic matter (RS and AC) caused a continuous increase in the concentration of P species. In short, the best soil quality in terms of P supply in paddy soils was achieved by regulating soil drying–rewetting cycles along with the use of appropriate timing of organic amendments.
Keywords: Azolla, drying–rewetting cycles, irrigation regime, microbial biomass, organic matter, paddy soil, rice straw, soil enzymatic activity.
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