Depletion, accumulation and availability of soil phosphorus in the Askov long-term field experiment
Musibau O. Azeez
A , Gitte Holton Rubæk A B , Ingeborg Frøsig Pedersen A and Bent T. Christensen A
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A Department of Agroecology, AU-Foulum, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
B Corresponding author. Email: gitte.rubaek@agro.au.dk
Soil Research 58(2) 117-124 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR19203
Submitted: 1 August 2019 Accepted: 18 October 2019 Published: 19 November 2019
Abstract
Soil phosphorus (P) reserves, built up over decades of intensive agriculture, may account for most of the crop P uptake, provided adequate supply of other plant nutrients. Whether crops grown on soils with reduced supply of other nutrients obtain similar use-efficiency of soil P reserves remains unclear. In treatments of the Askov Long-Term Experiment (initiated in 1894 on light sandy loam), we quantified changes in soil total P and in plant-available P (Olsen P, water extractable P and P offtake in wheat grains) when P-depleted soil started receiving P in rock phosphate and when P application to soil with moderate P levels ceased during 1997–2017. Additionally we studied treatments with soil kept unfertilised for >100 years and with soil first being P depleted and then exposed to surplus dressings of P, nitrogen (N) and potassium in cattle manure. For soil kept unfertilised for >100 years, average grain P offtake was 6 kg ha–1 and Olsen P averaged 4.6 mg kg–1, representing the lower asymptotic level of plant-available P. Adding igneous rock phosphate to severely P-depleted soil with no N fertilisation had little effect on Olsen P, water extractable P (Pw), grain yields and P offtake. For soils with moderate levels of available P, withholding P application for 20 years reduced contents of Olsen P by 56% (from 16 to 7 mg P kg–1) and of Pw by 63% (from 4.5 to 1.7 mg P kg–1). However, the level of plant-available P was still above that of unfertilised soil. Application of animal manure to P-depleted soil gradually raised soil P availability, grain yield and P offtake, but it took 20 years to restore levels of plant-available P. Our study suggests symmetry between rates of depletion and accumulation of plant-available P in soil.
Additional keywords: cattle manure, Denmark, rock phosphate, soil P reserves, Typic Hapludalf, winter wheat.
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