Wet-chemical extractions to characterise pedogenic Al and Fe species – a critical review
Thilo RennertFachgebiet Bodenchemie mit Pedologie, Institut für Bodenkunde und Standortslehre, Universität Hohenheim, D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Email: t.rennert@uni-hohenheim.de
Soil Research 57(1) 1-16 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR18299
Submitted: 05 October 2018 Accepted: 13 November 2018 Published: 5 December 2018
Journal Compilation © CSIRO 2019 Open Access CC BY-NC-ND
Abstract
Wet-chemical extraction of soil is a standard procedure to characterise pedogenic aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) species, especially oxides, allophanic minerals and metal–organic associations. This article critically reviews the suitability of commonly used extractants (e.g. dithionite, oxalate and pyrophosphate) and the potentials and restrictions in their use for species identification and in soil classification. None of the commonly used extractants is completely selective and quantitative. The degree of completeness differs between the extractants and depends on soil composition. Dithionite-based methods provide a ‘pseudo-total’ content of pedogenic Fe oxides, as they are not always completely dissolved. Oxalate may attack further non-target species, releasing additional Al and Fe. Therefore, the extraction of Al and Fe exclusively from poorly crystalline species is not always guaranteed. As a consequence of dispersion of aggregates, pyrophosphate solubilises both mineral particles and metals from organic associations. Thus, quantification of species based on these extractions and their implementation in pedogenic thresholds may be questionable. Alternative extractants such as citrate–ascorbate and dithionite–citrate–oxalate could be used in addition, as applicable and reliable wet-chemical extractions will be still demanded for research and practical applications. The examination of the effectiveness and selectivity of wet-chemical extraction methods by spectroscopic techniques is recommended.
Additional keywords: dithionite, organic complexes, oxalate, oxides, pyrophosphate, soil classification.
References
Acebal SG, Mijovilovich A, Rueda EH, Aguirre ME, Saragovi C (2000) Iron-oxide mineralogy of a Mollisol from Argentina: A study by selective-dissolution techniques, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Clays and Clay Minerals 48, 322–330.| Iron-oxide mineralogy of a Mollisol from Argentina: A study by selective-dissolution techniques, X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ad-hoc Arbeitsgruppe Boden (2005) ‘Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung.’ 5th edn. (Schweizerbart Science Publishers: Stuttgart, Germany)
Ahmed IAM, Maher BA (2018) Identification and paleoclimatic significance of magnetite nanoparticles in soil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 115, 1736–1741.
| Identification and paleoclimatic significance of magnetite nanoparticles in soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Aleksandrova LN (1960) The use of pyrophosphate for isolating free humic substances and their organic-mineral compounds from the soil. Soviet Soil Science 8, 190–197.
Algoe C, Stoops G, Vandenberghe RE, Van Ranst E (2012) Selective dissolution of Fe-Ti oxides - Extractable iron as a criterion for andic properties revisited. Catena 92, 49–54.
| Selective dissolution of Fe-Ti oxides - Extractable iron as a criterion for andic properties revisited.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Arshad MA, St. Arnaud RJ, Huang PM (1972) Dissolution of trioctahedral layer silicates by ammonium oxalate, sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, and potassium pyrophosphate. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 52, 19–26.
| Dissolution of trioctahedral layer silicates by ammonium oxalate, sodium dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate, and potassium pyrophosphate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Baker LL, Strawn DG, Vaughan KL, McDaniel PA (2010) XAS study of Fe mineralogy in a chronosequence of soil clays formed in basaltic cinders. Clays and Clay Minerals 58, 772–782.
| XAS study of Fe mineralogy in a chronosequence of soil clays formed in basaltic cinders.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bardy M, Bonhomme C, Fritsch E, Maquet J, Hajjar R, Allard T, Derenne S, Calas G (2007) Al speciation in tropical podzols of the upper Amazon Basin: A solid-state 27Al MAS and MQMAS NMR study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, 3211–3222.
| Al speciation in tropical podzols of the upper Amazon Basin: A solid-state 27Al MAS and MQMAS NMR study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barreal ME, Camps Arbestain M, Macías F (2003) Chemical properties and soil color of some Oxisols from Brazil and Spain in relation to sulfate sorption. Soil Science 168, 718–729.
| Chemical properties and soil color of some Oxisols from Brazil and Spain in relation to sulfate sorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bascomb CL (1968) Distribution of pyrophosphate-extractable iron and organic carbon in soils of various groups. Journal of Soil Science 19, 251–268.
| Distribution of pyrophosphate-extractable iron and organic carbon in soils of various groups.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Basile-Doelsch I, Amundson R, Stone WEE, Masiello CA, Bottero JY, Colin F, Masin F, Borschneck D, Meunier JD (2005) Mineralogical control of organic carbon dynamics in a volcanic ash soil on La Réunion. European Journal of Soil Science 56, 689–703.
Bhattacharyya A, Schmidt MP, Stavitski E, Enid Martínez C (2018) Iron speciation in peats: Chemical and spectroscopic evidence for the co-occurrence of ferric and ferrous iron in organic complexes and mineral precipitates. Organic Geochemistry 115, 124–137.
| Iron speciation in peats: Chemical and spectroscopic evidence for the co-occurrence of ferric and ferrous iron in organic complexes and mineral precipitates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Biermans V, Baert L (1977) Selective extraction of the amorphous Al, Fe and Si oxides using an alkaline tiron solution. Clay Minerals 12, 127–135.
| Selective extraction of the amorphous Al, Fe and Si oxides using an alkaline tiron solution.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bigham JM, Golden DC, Bowen LH, Buol SW, Weed SB (1978) Iron oxide mineralogy of well-drained Ultisols and Oxisols: I. Characterization of iron oxides in soil clays by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and selected chemical techniques. Soil Science Society of America Journal 42, 816–825.
| Iron oxide mineralogy of well-drained Ultisols and Oxisols: I. Characterization of iron oxides in soil clays by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and selected chemical techniques.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blume H-P, Schwertmann U (1969) Genetic evaluation of profile distribution of aluminum, iron, and manganese oxides. Soil Science Society of America Journal 33, 438–444.
| Genetic evaluation of profile distribution of aluminum, iron, and manganese oxides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Blume H-P, Stahr K, Leinweber P (2011) ‘Bodenkundliches Praktikum.’ 3rd edn. (Spektrum Akademischer Verlag: Heidelberg, Germany)
Borggaard OK (1976) Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxide by EDTA from a mixture of amorphous iron oxide, goethite, and hematite. Journal of Soil Science 27, 478–486.
| Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxide by EDTA from a mixture of amorphous iron oxide, goethite, and hematite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Borggaard OK (1982) Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxides by EDTA from selected silicates and mixtures of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides. Clay Minerals 17, 365–368.
| Selective extraction of amorphous iron oxides by EDTA from selected silicates and mixtures of amorphous and crystalline iron oxides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Borggaard OK (1988) Phase identification by selective dissolution techniques. In ‘Iron in soils and clay minerals’. (Eds JW Stucki, BA Goodman, U Schwertmann) pp. 83–98. (Reidel: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Bradl HB (2004) Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 277, 1–18.
| Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Bremner JM, Lees H (1949) Studies on soil organic matter. Part II. The extraction of organic matter from soil by neutral reagents. The Journal of Agricultural Science 39, 274–279.
| Studies on soil organic matter. Part II. The extraction of organic matter from soil by neutral reagents.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Calabi-Floody M, Bendall JS, Jara AA, Welland ME, Theng BKG, Rumpel C, de la Luz Mora M (2011) Nanoclays from an Andisol: Extraction, properties and carbon stabilization. Geoderma 161, 159–167.
| Nanoclays from an Andisol: Extraction, properties and carbon stabilization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Campbell AS, Schwertmann U (1985) Evaluation of selective extractants in soil chemistry and mineralogy by differential X-ray diffraction. Clay Minerals 20, 515–519.
| Evaluation of selective extractants in soil chemistry and mineralogy by differential X-ray diffraction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Carrero S, Fernandez-Martinez A, Pérez-López R, Nieto JM (2017) Basaluminite structure and its environmental implications. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 17, 237–240.
| Basaluminite structure and its environmental implications.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chao TT (1972) Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments with acidified hydroxylaminehydrochloride. Soil Science Society of America Journal 36, 764–768.
| Selective dissolution of manganese oxides from soils and sediments with acidified hydroxylaminehydrochloride.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chao TT, Zhou L (1983) Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron oxides from soils and sediments. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47, 225–232.
| Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron oxides from soils and sediments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chen C, Meile C, Wilmoth J, Barcellos D, Thompson A (2018) Influence of pO2 on iron redox cycling and anaerobic organic carbon mineralization in a humid tropical forest soil. Environmental Science & Technology 52, 7709–7719.
| Influence of pO2 on iron redox cycling and anaerobic organic carbon mineralization in a humid tropical forest soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chesworth W (2008) ‘Encyclopedia of soil science.’ (Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Childs CW, Wilson AD (1983) Iron oxide minerals in soils of the Ha’apai group, Kingdom of Tonga. Australian Journal of Soil Research 21, 489–503.
| Iron oxide minerals in soils of the Ha’apai group, Kingdom of Tonga.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Chorover J, Amistadi MK, Chadwick OA (2004) Surface charge evolution of mineral-organic complexes during pedogenesis in Hawaiian basalt. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 68, 4859–4876.
| Surface charge evolution of mineral-organic complexes during pedogenesis in Hawaiian basalt.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Cornell RM, Schwertmann U (2003) ‘The iron oxides.’ (Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Germany)
Coward EK, Thompson A, Plante AF (2018) Contrasting Fe speciation in two humid forest soils: Insight into organomineral associations in redox-active environments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 238, 68–84.
| Contrasting Fe speciation in two humid forest soils: Insight into organomineral associations in redox-active environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dahlgren RA, Saigusa M, Ugolini FC (2004) The nature, properties and management of volcanic soils. Advances in Agronomy 82, 113–182.
| The nature, properties and management of volcanic soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dai Q-X, Ae N, Suzuki T, Rajkumar M, Fukunaga S, Fujitake N (2011) Assessment of potentially reactive pools of aluminum in Andisols using a five-step sequential extraction procedure. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 57, 500–507.
| Assessment of potentially reactive pools of aluminum in Andisols using a five-step sequential extraction procedure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Deb BC (1950) The estimation of free iron oxides in soils and clays and their removal. Journal of Soil Science 1, 212–220.
| The estimation of free iron oxides in soils and clays and their removal.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Dohrmann R, Meyer I, Kaufhold S, Jahn R, Kleber M, Kasbohm J (2002) Rietveld based quantification of allophane. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv 40, 28–30.
Driscoll CT, Schecher WD (1990) The chemistry of aluminium in the environment. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 12, 28–49.
| The chemistry of aluminium in the environment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ericsson T, Linares J, Lotse E (1984) A Mössbauer study of the effect of dithionite/citrate/bicarbonate treatment on a vermiculite, a smectite and a soil. Clay Minerals 19, 85–91.
| A Mössbauer study of the effect of dithionite/citrate/bicarbonate treatment on a vermiculite, a smectite and a soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eusterhues K, Rennert T, Knicker H, Kögel-Knabner I, Totsche KU, Schwertmann U (2011) Fractionation of organic matter due to reaction with ferrihydrite: coprecipitation versus adsorption. Environmental Science & Technology 45, 527–533.
| Fractionation of organic matter due to reaction with ferrihydrite: coprecipitation versus adsorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eusterhues K, Hädrich A, Neidhardt J, Küsel K, Keller TF, Jandt KD, Totsche KU (2014a) Reduction of ferrihydrite with adsorbed and coprecipitated organic matter: microbial reduction by Geobacter bremensis vs. abiotic reduction by Na-dithionite. Biogeosciences 11, 4953–4966.
| Reduction of ferrihydrite with adsorbed and coprecipitated organic matter: microbial reduction by Geobacter bremensis vs. abiotic reduction by Na-dithionite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Eusterhues K, Neidhardt J, Hädrich A, Küsel K, Totsche KU (2014b) Biodegradation of ferrihydrite-associated organic matter. Biogeochemistry 119, 45–50.
| Biodegradation of ferrihydrite-associated organic matter.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Evans LJ, Wilson WG (1985) Extractable Fe, Al, Si and C in B horizons of Podzolic and Brunizolic soils from Ontario. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 65, 489–496.
| Extractable Fe, Al, Si and C in B horizons of Podzolic and Brunizolic soils from Ontario.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Farmer VC, Lumsdon DG (2001) Interactions of fulvic acid with aluminium and a proto-imogolite sol: the contribution of E-horizon eluates to podzolization. European Journal of Soil Science 52, 177–188.
| Interactions of fulvic acid with aluminium and a proto-imogolite sol: the contribution of E-horizon eluates to podzolization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Berrow ML (1980) Imogolite and proto-imogolite allophane in spodic horizons: Evidence for a mobile aluminium silicate complex in Podzol formation. Journal of Soil Science 31, 673–684.
| Imogolite and proto-imogolite allophane in spodic horizons: Evidence for a mobile aluminium silicate complex in Podzol formation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Farmer VC, Russell JD, Smith BFL (1983) Extraction of inorganic forms of translocated Al, Fe and Si from a podzol Bs horizon. Journal of Soil Science 34, 571–576.
| Extraction of inorganic forms of translocated Al, Fe and Si from a podzol Bs horizon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Filimonova S, Kaufhold S, Wagner FE, Häusler W, Kögel-Knabner I (2016) The role of allophane nano-structure and Fe oxide speciation for hosting soil organic matter in an allophanic Andosol. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 180, 284–302.
| The role of allophane nano-structure and Fe oxide speciation for hosting soil organic matter in an allophanic Andosol.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Fischer WR (1976) Differenzierung oxalatlöslicher Eisenoxide. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 139, 641–646.
| Differenzierung oxalatlöslicher Eisenoxide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Galabutskaya E, Govorova R (1934) Bleaching of kaolin. Mineral Suir’e 9, 27–30. [in Russian]
Gerke J (1993) Solubilization of Fe(III) from humic-Fe complexes, humic/Fe-oxide mixtures and from poorly ordered Fe-oxide by organic acids – consequences for P adsorption. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 156, 253–257.
| Solubilization of Fe(III) from humic-Fe complexes, humic/Fe-oxide mixtures and from poorly ordered Fe-oxide by organic acids – consequences for P adsorption.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Goodman BA (1988) The characterization of iron complexes with soil organic matter. In ‘Iron in soils and clay minerals’. (Eds JW Stucki, BA Goodman, U Schwertmann) pp. 677–687. (Reidel: Dordrecht, The Netherlands)
Gorbunov NI, Dzyadevich GS, Tunik BM (1961) Methods of determining non-silicate amorphous and crystalline sesquioxides in soils and clays. Soviet Soil Science 11, 1252–1259.
Goswami G, Varadachari C, Ghosh K (1995) Dissolution of iron oxides by a dithionite-carbonate-oxalate method. In ‘Clays controlling the environment’. (Eds GJ Churchman, RW Fitzpatrick, RA Eggleton) pp. 318–322. (CSIRO: Melbourne, Vic)
Grimme H, Wiechmann H (1969) Eine Methode zur Extraktion organisch gebundenen Eisens aus Böden. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 122, 268–279.
| Eine Methode zur Extraktion organisch gebundenen Eisens aus Böden.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hanesch M, Stanjek H, Petersen N (2006) Thermomagnetic measurements of soil iron minerals: the role of organic carbon. Geophysical Journal International 165, 53–61.
| Thermomagnetic measurements of soil iron minerals: the role of organic carbon.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Harsh J (2012) Poorly crystalline aluminosilicate clay minerals. In ‘Handbook of soil sciences: properties and processes’. (Eds PM Huang, Y Li, ME Sumner) pp. 23-1–23-13. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, USA)
Hashimoto I, Jackson ML (1958) Rapid dissolution of allophane and kaolinite-halloysite after dehydration. Clays and Clay Minerals 7, 102–113.
| Rapid dissolution of allophane and kaolinite-halloysite after dehydration.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hiemstra T (2013) Surface and mineral structure of ferrihydrite. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 105, 316–325.
| Surface and mineral structure of ferrihydrite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Higashi T, Ikeda H (1974) Dissolution of allophane by acid oxalate solution. Clay Science 4, 205–211.
Higashi T, De Coninck F, Gelaude F (1981) Characterization of some spodic horizons of the Campine (Belgium) with dithionite-citrate, pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide-tetraborate. Geoderma 25, 131–142.
| Characterization of some spodic horizons of the Campine (Belgium) with dithionite-citrate, pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide-tetraborate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hiradate S, Hirai H, Hashimoto H (2006) Characterization of allophanic Andisols by solid-state 13C, 27Al, and 29Si NMR and by C stable isotopic ratio, δ13C. Geoderma 136, 696–707.
| Characterization of allophanic Andisols by solid-state 13C, 27Al, and 29Si NMR and by C stable isotopic ratio, δ13C.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Höhn A, Sommer M, Kaczorek D, Schalitz G, Breuer J (2008) Silicon fractions in Histosols and Gleysols of a temperate grassland site. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 409–418.
| Silicon fractions in Histosols and Gleysols of a temperate grassland site.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Holmgren GGS (1967) A rapid citrate-dithionite extractable iron procedure. Soil Science Society of America Journal 31, 210–211.
| A rapid citrate-dithionite extractable iron procedure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hunt CP, Singer MJ, Kletetschka G, TenPas J, Verosub KL (1995) Effect of citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite treatment on fine-grained magnetite and maghemite. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 130, 87–94.
| Effect of citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite treatment on fine-grained magnetite and maghemite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ildefonse P, Kirkpatrick RJ, Montez B, Calas G, Flank AM, Lagarde P (1994) 27Al MAS NMR and aluminum X-ray absorption near edge structure study of imogolite and allophanes. Clays and Clay Minerals 42, 276–287.
| 27Al MAS NMR and aluminum X-ray absorption near edge structure study of imogolite and allophanes.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Isbell RF, National Committee on Soil and Terrain (2016) ‘The Australian soil classification.’ 2nd edn. (CSIRO Publishing: Clayton, Vic)
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015. FAO, World Soil Resources Reports No. 106, Rome, Italy.
Jackson ML, Lim CH, Zelazny LW (1986) Oxides, hydroxides, and aluminosilicates. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods’. (Ed. A Klute) pp. 101–150. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Jarvis SC (1984) The forms of occurrence of manganese in some acidic soils. Journal of Soil Science 35, 421–429.
| The forms of occurrence of manganese in some acidic soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jarvis SC (1986) Forms of aluminium in some acid permanent grassland soils. Journal of Soil Science 37, 211–222.
| Forms of aluminium in some acid permanent grassland soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jeanroy E, Guillet B (1981) The occurrence of suspended ferruginous particles in pyrophosphate extracts of some soil horizons. Geoderma 26, 95–105.
| The occurrence of suspended ferruginous particles in pyrophosphate extracts of some soil horizons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Jones RC, Babcock CJ, Knowlton WB (2000) Estimation of the total amorphous content of Hawai’i soils by the Rietveld method. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, 1100–1108.
| Estimation of the total amorphous content of Hawai’i soils by the Rietveld method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaiser K, Zech W (1996) Defects in estimation of aluminum in humus complexes of podzolic soils by pyrophosphate extraction. Soil Science 161, 452–458.
| Defects in estimation of aluminum in humus complexes of podzolic soils by pyrophosphate extraction.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaiser M, Walter K, Ellerbrock RH, Sommer M (2011) Effects of land use and mineral characteristics on the organic carbon content, and the amount and composition of Na-pyrophosphate-soluble organic matter, in subsurface soils. European Journal of Soil Science 62, 226–236.
| Effects of land use and mineral characteristics on the organic carbon content, and the amount and composition of Na-pyrophosphate-soluble organic matter, in subsurface soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaiser M, Ellerbrock RH, Wulf M, Dultz S, Hierath C, Sommer M (2012) The influence of mineral characteristics on organic matter content, composition, and stability of topsoils under long-term arable and forest land use. Journal of Geophysical Research 117, G02018
| The influence of mineral characteristics on organic matter content, composition, and stability of topsoils under long-term arable and forest land use.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kämpf N, Schwertmann U (1982) The 5-M-NaOH concentration treatment for iron oxides in soils. Clays and Clay Minerals 30, 401–408.
| The 5-M-NaOH concentration treatment for iron oxides in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Karlsson T, Persson P, Skyllberg U, Mörth C-M, Giesler R (2008) Characterization or iron(III) in organic soils using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 5449–5454.
| Characterization or iron(III) in organic soils using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kassim JK, Gafoor SN, Adams WA (1984) Ferrihydrite in pyrophosphate extracts of podzol B horizons. Clay Minerals 19, 99–106.
| Ferrihydrite in pyrophosphate extracts of podzol B horizons.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kaufhold S, Ufer K, Kaufhold A, Stucki JW, Anastácio AS, Jahn R, Dohrmann R (2010) Quantification of allophane from Ecuador. Clays and Clay Minerals 58, 707–716.
| Quantification of allophane from Ecuador.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Keiluweit M, Nico PS, Kleber M, Fendorf S (2016) Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils? Biogeochemistry 127, 157–171.
| Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Keiluweit M, Gee K, Denney A, Fendorf S (2018) Anoxic microsites in upland soils dominantly controlled by clay content. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 118, 42–50.
| Anoxic microsites in upland soils dominantly controlled by clay content.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kiczka M, Wiederhold JG, Frommer J, Voegelin A, Kraemer SM, Bourdon B, Kretzschmar R (2011) Iron speciation and isotope fractionation during silicate weathering and soil formation in an alpine glacier forefield chronosequence. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 5559–5573.
| Iron speciation and isotope fractionation during silicate weathering and soil formation in an alpine glacier forefield chronosequence.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kinsey RA, Kirkpatrick RJ, Hower J, Smith KA, Oldfield E (1985) High resolution aluminum-27 and silicon-29 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study of layer silicates, including clay minerals. The American Mineralogist 70, 537–548.
Kitagawa Y (1976) Determination of allophane and amorphous inorganic matter in clay fraction of soils. I. Allophane and allophane-halloysite mixture. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 22, 137–147.
| Determination of allophane and amorphous inorganic matter in clay fraction of soils. I. Allophane and allophane-halloysite mixture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Klamt E (1985) Report on an advanced study course Iron in Soil and Clay Minerals. International Society of Soil Science Bulletin 68, 9
Kleber M, Mikutta C, Jahn R (2004) Andosols in Germany – pedogenesis and properties. Catena 56, 67–83.
| Andosols in Germany – pedogenesis and properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kleber M, Eusterhues K, Keiluweit M, Mikutta C, Mikutta R, Nico PS (2015) Mineral-organic associations: Formation, properties, and relevance in soil environments. Advances in Agronomy 130, 1–140.
| Mineral-organic associations: Formation, properties, and relevance in soil environments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kodama H, Ross GJ (1991) Tiron dissolution method used to remove and characterize inorganic components in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 55, 1180–1187.
| Tiron dissolution method used to remove and characterize inorganic components in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kodama H, Wang C (1989) Distribution and characterization of noncrystalline inorganic components in Spodosols and Spodosol-like soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53, 526–533.
| Distribution and characterization of noncrystalline inorganic components in Spodosols and Spodosol-like soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kodama H, McKeague JA, Tremblay RJ, Gosselin JR, Townsend MG (1977) Characterization of iron oxide compounds in soils by Mössbauer and other methods. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 14, 1–15.
| Characterization of iron oxide compounds in soils by Mössbauer and other methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Kononova MM, Aleksandrova IV, Titova NA (1964) Decomposition of silicates by organic substances in the soil. Soviet Soil Science 14, 1005–1014.
Kostka JE, Luther GW (1994) Partitioning and speciation of solid phase iron in saltmarsh sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 1701–1710.
| Partitioning and speciation of solid phase iron in saltmarsh sediments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
La Force MJ, Fendorf S (2000) Solid-phase iron characterization during common selective sequential extractions. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64, 1608–1615.
| Solid-phase iron characterization during common selective sequential extractions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Lee R, Taylor MD, Daly BK, Reynolds J (1989) The extraction of Al, Fe and Si from a range of New Zealand soils by hydroxylamine and ammonium oxalate solutions. Australian Journal of Soil Research 27, 377–388.
| The extraction of Al, Fe and Si from a range of New Zealand soils by hydroxylamine and ammonium oxalate solutions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Leigh GJ, Favre HA, Metanomski WV (1998) ‘Principles of chemical nomenclature. A guide to IUPAC recommendations.’ (Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK)
Loeppert RH, Inskeep WP (1996) Iron. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 3. Chemical methods’. (Eds DL Sparks, AL Page, PA Helmke, RH Loeppert) pp. 637–664. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Lundström US, van Breemen N, Bain DC, van Hees PAW, Giesler R, Gustafsson JP, Ilvesniemi H, Karltun E, Melkerud P-A, Olsson M, Riise G, Wahlberg O, Bergelin A, Bishop K, Finlay R, Jongmans AG, Magnusson T, Mannerkoski H, Nordgren A, Nyberg L, Starr M, Tau Strand L (2000) Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries. Geoderma 94, 335–353.
| Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Maher BA, Alekseev A, Alekseeva T (2003) Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 201, 321–341.
| Magnetic mineralogy of soils across the Russian Steppe: climatic dependence of pedogenic magnetite formation.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mansfeldt T, Schuth S, Häusler W, Wagner FE, Kaufhold S, Overesch M (2012) Iron oxide mineralogy and stable iron isotope composition in a Gleysol with petrogleyic properties. Journal of Soils and Sediments 12, 97–114.
| Iron oxide mineralogy and stable iron isotope composition in a Gleysol with petrogleyic properties.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Masion A, Vilgé-Ritter A, Rose J, Stone WEE, Teppen BJ, Rybacki D, Bottero J-Y (2000) Coagulation-flocculation of natural organic matter with Al salts: Speciation and structure of the aggregates. Environmental Science & Technology 34, 3242–3246.
| Coagulation-flocculation of natural organic matter with Al salts: Speciation and structure of the aggregates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McKeague JA (1967) An evaluation of 0.1 M pyrophosphate and pyrophosphate-dithionite in comparison with oxalate as extractants of the accumulation products in Podzols and some other soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 47, 95–99.
| An evaluation of 0.1 M pyrophosphate and pyrophosphate-dithionite in comparison with oxalate as extractants of the accumulation products in Podzols and some other soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McKeague JA, Day JH (1966) Dithionite- and oxalate extractable Fe and Al as aids in differentiating various classes of soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 46, 13–22.
| Dithionite- and oxalate extractable Fe and Al as aids in differentiating various classes of soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McKeague JA, Schuppli PA (1985) An assessment of EDTA as an extractant of organic-complexed and amorphous forms of Fe and Al in soils. Geoderma 35, 109–118.
| An assessment of EDTA as an extractant of organic-complexed and amorphous forms of Fe and Al in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
McKeague JA, Brydon JE, Miles NM (1971) Differentiation of forms of extractable iron and aluminum in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 35, 33–38.
| Differentiation of forms of extractable iron and aluminum in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mehra OP, Jackson ML (1958) Iron oxide removal from soils by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate. Clays and Clay Minerals 7, 317–327.
| Iron oxide removal from soils by a dithionite-citrate system buffered with sodium bicarbonate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Meijer EL, Buurman P, Fraser A, García Rodeja E (2007) Extractability and FTIR-characteristics of poorly-ordered minerals in a collection of volcanic ash soils. In ‘Soils of volcanic regions in Europe’. (Eds Ó Arnalds, H Óskarsson, F Bartoli, P Buurman, G Stoops, E García-Rodeja) pp. 155–180. (Springer: Berlin, Germany)
Michel FM, Barron V, Torrent J, Morales MP, Serna CJ, Boily JF, Liu Q, Ambrosini A, Cismasu AC, Brown GE (2010) Ordered ferrimagnetic form of ferrihydrite reveals links among structure, composition, and magnetism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107, 2787–2792.
| Ordered ferrimagnetic form of ferrihydrite reveals links among structure, composition, and magnetism.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mikutta R, Mikutta C, Kalbitz K, Scheel T, Kaiser K, Jahn R (2007) Biodegradation of forest floor organic matter bound to minerals via different binding mechanisms. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, 2569–2590.
| Biodegradation of forest floor organic matter bound to minerals via different binding mechanisms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mikutta C, Mikutta R, Bonneville S, Wagner F, Voegelin A, Christl I, Kretzschmar R (2008) Synthetic coprecipitates of exopolysaccharides and ferrihydrite. Part I: Characterization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72, 1111–1127.
| Synthetic coprecipitates of exopolysaccharides and ferrihydrite. Part I: Characterization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mitchell BD, Smith BFL, De Endredy AS (1971) The effect of buffered sodium dithionite solution and ultrasonic agitation on soil clays. Israel Journal of Chemistry 9, 45–52.
| The effect of buffered sodium dithionite solution and ultrasonic agitation on soil clays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Mizota C, van Reeuwijk LP (1989) Clay mineralogy and chemistry of soils formed in volcanic material in diverse climate regions. ISRIC, Soil Monographs 2, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Mullins CE (1977) Magnetic susceptibility of the soil and its significance in soil science – a review. Journal of Soil Science 28, 223–246.
| Magnetic susceptibility of the soil and its significance in soil science – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Munch JC, Hillebrand T, Ottow JCG (1978) Transformations in the Feo/Fed ratio of pedogenic iron oxides affected by iron-reducing bacteria. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 58, 475–486.
| Transformations in the Feo/Fed ratio of pedogenic iron oxides affected by iron-reducing bacteria.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Norrish K, Taylor RM (1961) The isomorphous replacement of iron by aluminium in soil goethites. Journal of Soil Science 12, 294–306.
| The isomorphous replacement of iron by aluminium in soil goethites.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pansu M, Gautheyrou J (2006) ‘Handbook of soil analysis.’ (Springer: Berlin, Germany)
Parfitt RL (1990) Allophane in New Zealand – a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, 343–360.
| Allophane in New Zealand – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Parfitt RL, Childs CW (1988) Estimation of forms of Fe and Al: A review, and analysis of contrasting soils by dissolution and Mossbauer methods. Australian Journal of Soil Research 26, 121–144.
| Estimation of forms of Fe and Al: A review, and analysis of contrasting soils by dissolution and Mossbauer methods.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Parfitt RL, Henmi T (1982) Comparison of an oxalate-extraction method and an infrared spectroscopic method for determining allophane in soil clays. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 28, 183–190.
| Comparison of an oxalate-extraction method and an infrared spectroscopic method for determining allophane in soil clays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Paterson E, Clark L, Birnie AC (1993) Sequential selective dissolution of iron, aluminium, and silicon from soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 24, 2015–2023.
| Sequential selective dissolution of iron, aluminium, and silicon from soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pereira MC, Oliveira LCA, Murad E (2012) Iron oxide catalysts: Fenton and Fentonlike reactions – a review. Clay Minerals 47, 285–302.
| Iron oxide catalysts: Fenton and Fentonlike reactions – a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pizarro C, Escudey M, Fabris JD (2003) Influence of organic matter on the iron oxide mineralogy of volcanic soils. Hyperfine Interactions 148/149, 53–59.
| Influence of organic matter on the iron oxide mineralogy of volcanic soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Pizarro C, Fabris JD, Stucki JW, Garg VK, Galindo G (2008) Ammonium oxalate and citrate-ascorbate as selective chemical agents for the mineralogical analysis of clay fractions of an Ultisol and Andisols from southern Chile. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society 53, 1581–1584.
| Ammonium oxalate and citrate-ascorbate as selective chemical agents for the mineralogical analysis of clay fractions of an Ultisol and Andisols from southern Chile.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Postma D (1980) Formation of siderite and vivianite and the pore-water composition of a recent bog sediment in Denmark. Chemical Geology 31, 225–244.
| Formation of siderite and vivianite and the pore-water composition of a recent bog sediment in Denmark.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Poulton SW, Canfield DE (2005) Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates. Chemical Geology 214, 209–221.
| Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Prietzel J, Thieme J, Eusterhues K, Eichert D (2007) Iron speciation in soils and soil aggregates by synchrotron-based X-ray microspectroscopy (XANES, µ-XANES). European Journal of Soil Science 58, 1027–1041.
| Iron speciation in soils and soil aggregates by synchrotron-based X-ray microspectroscopy (XANES, µ-XANES).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Prietzel J, Klysubun W, Werner F (2016) Speciation of phosphorus in temperate zone forest soils as assessed by combined wet-chemical fractionation and XANES spectroscopy. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 179, 168–185.
| Speciation of phosphorus in temperate zone forest soils as assessed by combined wet-chemical fractionation and XANES spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Qiang T, Xiao-quan X, Zhe-ming N (1994) Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of amorphous iron and manganese oxides and organic matter in soils. The Science of the Total Environment 151, 159–165.
| Evaluation of a sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of amorphous iron and manganese oxides and organic matter in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rancourt DG (1998) Mössbauer spectroscopy in clay science. Hyperfine Interactions 117, 3–38.
| Mössbauer spectroscopy in clay science.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Regelink IC, Voegelin A, Weng L, Koopmans GF, Comans RNJ (2014) Characterization of colloidal Fe from soils using field-flow fractionation and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environmental Science & Technology 48, 4307–4316.
| Characterization of colloidal Fe from soils using field-flow fractionation and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Remucal CK, Ginder-Vogel M (2014) A critical review of the reactivity of manganese oxides with organic contaminants. Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts 16, 1247–1266.
| A critical review of the reactivity of manganese oxides with organic contaminants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Rennert T, Eusterhues K, De Andrade V, Totsche KU (2013) Iron species in soils on a mofette site studied by Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chemical Geology 332–333, 116–123.
Rennert T, Eusterhues K, Hiradate S, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G, Totsche KU, Mansfeldt T (2014) Characterization of Andosols from Laacher See tephra by wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 27Al-, 29Si-NMR). Chemical Geology 363, 13–21.
| Characterization of Andosols from Laacher See tephra by wet-chemical and spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, 27Al-, 29Si-NMR).Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Reyes I, Torrent J (1997) Citrate-ascorbate as a highly selective extractant for poorly crystalline iron oxides. Soil Science Society of America Journal 61, 1647–1654.
| Citrate-ascorbate as a highly selective extractant for poorly crystalline iron oxides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Ryan PC, Hillier S, Wall AJ (2008) Stepwise effects of the BCR sequential chemical extraction procedure on dissolution and metal release from common ferromagnesian clay minerals: A combined solution chemistry and X-ray powder diffraction study. The Science of the Total Environment 407, 603–614.
| Stepwise effects of the BCR sequential chemical extraction procedure on dissolution and metal release from common ferromagnesian clay minerals: A combined solution chemistry and X-ray powder diffraction study.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sakai C, Kumada K (1985) Characteristics of buried humic horizons at the Shiiji archaeological pits. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 31, 69–80.
| Characteristics of buried humic horizons at the Shiiji archaeological pits.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Saragovi C, Mijovilovich A (1997) A warning on the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in semiquantitative analysis of soils. Clays and Clay Minerals 45, 480–482.
| A warning on the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in semiquantitative analysis of soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schaetzl RJ, Thompson ML (2015) ‘Soils: genesis and geomorphology.’ 2nd edn. (Cambridge University Press: New York, NY)
Scheel T, Dörfler C, Kalbitz K (2007) Precipitation of dissolved organic matter by aluminium stabilizes carbon in acidic forest soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 71, 64–74.
Scheel T, Pritsch K, Schloter M, Kalbitz K (2008) Precipitation of enzymes and organic matter by aluminum - Impacts on carbon mineralization. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171, 900–907.
| Precipitation of enzymes and organic matter by aluminum - Impacts on carbon mineralization.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schneider MPW, Scheel T, Mikutta R, van Hees P, Kaiser K, Kalbitz K (2010) Sorptive stabilization of organic matter by amorphous Al hydroxide. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 74, 1606–1619.
| Sorptive stabilization of organic matter by amorphous Al hydroxide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schnitzer M (2001) The in situ analysis of organic matter in soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, 249–254.
| The in situ analysis of organic matter in soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schulze DG, Dixon JB (1979) High gradient magnetic separation of iron oxides and other magnetic minerals from soil clays. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47, 1026–1032.
Schuppli PA, Ross GJ, McKeague JA (1983) The effective removal of suspended materials from pyrophosphate extracts of soils from tropical and temperate regions. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46, 869–875.
Schwertmann U (1964) Differenzierung der Eisenoxide des Bodens durch Extraktion mit saurer Ammoniumoxalat-Lösung. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung, Düngung und Bodenkunde 105, 194–202.
| Differenzierung der Eisenoxide des Bodens durch Extraktion mit saurer Ammoniumoxalat-Lösung.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schwertmann U (1973) Use of oxalate for Fe extraction from soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 53, 244–246.
| Use of oxalate for Fe extraction from soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schwertmann U, Taylor RM (1972) The transformation of lepidocrocite to goethite. Clays and Clay Minerals 20, 151–158.
| The transformation of lepidocrocite to goethite.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Schwertmann U, Taylor RM (1989) Iron oxides. In ‘Minerals in soil environments’. (Eds JB Dixon, SB Weed) pp. 379–438. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Schwertmann U, Schulze DG, Murad E (1982) Identification of ferrihydrite in soils by dissolution kinetics, differential X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46, 869–875.
| Identification of ferrihydrite in soils by dissolution kinetics, differential X-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Shang C, Zelazny LW (2008) Selective dissolution techniques for mineral analysis of soils and sediments. In ‘Methods of soil analysis. Part 5. Mineralogical methods’. (Eds ALL Ulery, LR Drees) pp. 33–80. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Shuman LM (1982) Separating soil iron- and manganese-oxide fractions for microelement analysis. Soil Science Society of America Journal 46, 1099–1102.
| Separating soil iron- and manganese-oxide fractions for microelement analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Singer MJ, Bowen LH, Verosub KL, Fine P, TenPas J (1995) Mössbauer spectroscopic evidence for citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extraction of maghemite from soils. Clays and Clay Minerals 43, 1–7.
| Mössbauer spectroscopic evidence for citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extraction of maghemite from soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Skjemstad JO (1992) Genesis of Podzols on coastal dunes in Southern Queensland. III. The role of aluminium-organic complexes in profile development. Australian Journal of Soil Research 30, 645–665.
| Genesis of Podzols on coastal dunes in Southern Queensland. III. The role of aluminium-organic complexes in profile development.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Skjemstad JO, Bushby HVA, Hansen RW (1990) Extractable Fe in the surface horizons of a range of soils from Queensland. Australian Journal of Soil Research 28, 259–266.
| Extractable Fe in the surface horizons of a range of soils from Queensland.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Skjemstad JO, Fitzpatrick RW, Zarcinas BA, Thompson CH (1992) Genesis of Podzols on coastal dunes in Southern Queensland. II. Geochemistry and forms of elements as deduced from various soil extraction procedures. Australian Journal of Soil Research 30, 615–644.
| Genesis of Podzols on coastal dunes in Southern Queensland. II. Geochemistry and forms of elements as deduced from various soil extraction procedures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Soil Survey Staff (2014a) Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 42, Version 5.0, Washington, USA.
Soil Survey Staff (2014b) ‘Keys to soil taxonomy.’ 12th edn. (United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service: Washington, USA)
Sparks DL (2001) ‘Methods of soil analysis. 3. Chemical methods.’ (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Stanjek H (1987) The formation of maghemite and hematite from lepidocrocite and goethite in a Cambisol from Corsica, France. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde 150, 314–318.
| The formation of maghemite and hematite from lepidocrocite and goethite in a Cambisol from Corsica, France.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Stucki JW, Golden DC, Roth CB (1984) Effects of reduction and reoxidation of structural iron on the surface charge and dissolution of dioctahedral smectites. Clays and Clay Minerals 32, 350–356.
| Effects of reduction and reoxidation of structural iron on the surface charge and dissolution of dioctahedral smectites.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Su C, Harsh JB (1996) Alteration of imogolite, allophane, and acidic soil clays by chemical extractants. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60, 77–85.
| Alteration of imogolite, allophane, and acidic soil clays by chemical extractants.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Suda A, Makino T, Higashi T (2013) Improvement of the NH2OH-HCl-HOAc method for extracting manganese and iron oxides in Japanese Andisols and other soil types in Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 59, 700–714.
| Improvement of the NH2OH-HCl-HOAc method for extracting manganese and iron oxides in Japanese Andisols and other soil types in Japan.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sun J, Mailloux BJ, Chillrud SN, van Geen A, Thompson A, Bostick BC (2018) Simultaneously quantifying ferrihydrite and goethite in natural sediments using the method of standard additions with X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Chemical Geology 476, 248–259.
| Simultaneously quantifying ferrihydrite and goethite in natural sediments using the method of standard additions with X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Sundman A, Karlsson T, Laudon H, Persson P (2014) XAS study of iron speciation in soils and waters from a boreal catchment. Chemical Geology 364, 93–102.
| XAS study of iron speciation in soils and waters from a boreal catchment.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Suter D, Banwart S, Stumm W (1991) Dissolution of hydrous iron(III) oxides by reductive mechanisms. Langmuir 7, 809–813.
| Dissolution of hydrous iron(III) oxides by reductive mechanisms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Takahashi T, Dahlgren RA (2016) Nature, properties and function of aluminum-humus complexes in volcanic soils. Geoderma 263, 110–121.
| Nature, properties and function of aluminum-humus complexes in volcanic soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Tamm O (1922) Eine Methode zur Bestimmung des anorganischen Gelkomplexes im Boden. Meddelanden från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt 19, 385–404.
Taylor RM, Schwertmann U (1974) Maghemite in soils and its origin. I. Properties and observations on soil maghemites. Clay Minerals 10, 289–298.
| Maghemite in soils and its origin. I. Properties and observations on soil maghemites.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thompson A, Chadwick OA, Rancourt DG, Chorover J (2006a) Iron-oxide crystallinity increases during soil redox oscillations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, 1710–1727.
| Iron-oxide crystallinity increases during soil redox oscillations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thompson A, Chadwick OA, Boman S, Chorover J (2006b) Colloid mobilization during soil iron redox oscillations. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 5743–5749.
| Colloid mobilization during soil iron redox oscillations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Thompson A, Rancourt DG, Chadwick OA, Chorover J (2011) Iron solid-phase differentiation along a redox gradient in basaltic soils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75, 119–133.
| Iron solid-phase differentiation along a redox gradient in basaltic soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Titova NA (1962) Iron humus complexes of certain soils. Soviet Soil Science 10, 1351–1356.
Tokashiki Y, Wada K (1975) Weathering implications of the mineralogy of clay fractions of two ando soils, Kyushu. Geoderma 14, 47–62.
| Weathering implications of the mineralogy of clay fractions of two ando soils, Kyushu.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Torrence JK, Percival JB (2003) Experiences with selective extraction procedures for iron oxides. In ‘2001. A Clay Odyssey. Proceedings of the 12th Clay Conference’. (Eds EA Dominguez, GR Mas, F Cravero) pp. 219–226. (Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
Trolard F, Génin J-MR, Abdelmoula M, Bourrié G, Humbert B, Herbillon A (1997) Identification of a green rust mineral by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, 1107–1111.
| Identification of a green rust mineral by Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopies.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Trolard F, Bourrié G, Abdelmoula M, Refait P, Feder F (2007) Fougerite, a new mineral of the pyroaurite-iowaite group: Description and crystal structure. Clays and Clay Minerals 55, 323–334.
| Fougerite, a new mineral of the pyroaurite-iowaite group: Description and crystal structure.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Uehara G (2003) Developments in soil chemistry and soil classification. In ‘Soil classification. A global desk reference’. (Eds H Eswaran, T Rice, R Ahrens, BA Stewart) pp. 67–73. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL)
van Bemmelen JM (1877) Das Absorptionsvermögen der Ackererde. Die Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchsstationen 21, 135–191.
van der Zee C, Slomp CP, Rancourt DG, de Lange GJ, van Raaphorst W (2005) A Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the iron redox transition in eastern Mediterranean sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 69, 441–453.
| A Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the iron redox transition in eastern Mediterranean sediments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van Oorschot IHM, Dekkers MJ (1999) Dissolution behaviour of fine-grained magnetite and maghemite in the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extraction method. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 167, 283–295.
| Dissolution behaviour of fine-grained magnetite and maghemite in the citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite extraction method.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
van Reeuwijk LP (2002) ‘Procedures for soil analysis.’ 6th edn. (International Soil Reference and Information Centre: Wageningen, The Netherlands)
Varadachari C, Goswami G, Ghosh K (2006) Dissolution of iron oxides. Clay Research 25, 1–19.
Vodyanitskii YN (2002) The effect of dithionite-containing reagents on soil minerals. Eurasian Soil Science 35, 489–499.
Vodyanitskii YN, Shoba SA (2014) Disputable issues in interpreting the results of chemical extraction of iron compounds from soils. Eurasian Soil Science 47, 573–580.
| Disputable issues in interpreting the results of chemical extraction of iron compounds from soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
von Lützow M, Kögel-Knabner I, Ekschmitt K, Matzner E, Guggenberger G, Marschner B, Flessa H (2006) Stabilization of organic matter in temperate soils: Mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions - A review. European Journal of Soil Science 57, 426–445.
| Stabilization of organic matter in temperate soils: Mechanisms and their relevance under different soil conditions - A review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wada K (1989) Allophane and imogolite. In ‘Minerals in soil environments’. (Eds JB Dixon, SB Weed) pp. 1051–1087. (Soil Science Society of America: Madison, WI)
Wada K, Tokashiki Y (1972) Selective dissolution and difference infrared spectroscopy in quantitative mineralogical analysis of volcanic-ash soil clays. Geoderma 7, 199–213.
| Selective dissolution and difference infrared spectroscopy in quantitative mineralogical analysis of volcanic-ash soil clays.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wagai R, Mayer LM, Kitayama K, Shirato Y (2013) Association of organic matter with iron and aluminium across a range of soils determined via selective dissolution techniques coupled with dissolved nitrogen analysis. Biogeochemistry 112, 95–109.
| Association of organic matter with iron and aluminium across a range of soils determined via selective dissolution techniques coupled with dissolved nitrogen analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Walker AL (1983) The effects of magnetite on oxalate- and dithionite-extractable iron. Soil Science Society of America Journal 47, 1022–1026.
| The effects of magnetite on oxalate- and dithionite-extractable iron.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang X, Hu Y, Tang Y, Yang P, Feng X, Xu W (2017) Phosphate and phytate adsorption and precipitation on ferrihydrite surfaces. Environmental Science: Nano 4, 2193–2204.
| Phosphate and phytate adsorption and precipitation on ferrihydrite surfaces.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Wang Q, Yang P, Zhu M (2018) Structural transformation of birnessite by fulvic acid under anoxic conditions. Environmental Science & Technology 52, 1844–1853.
| Structural transformation of birnessite by fulvic acid under anoxic conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Winkler P, Kaiser K, Thompson A, Kalbitz K, Fiedler S, Jahn R (2018) Contrasting evolution of iron phase composition in soils exposed to redox fluctuations. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 235, 89–102.
| Contrasting evolution of iron phase composition in soils exposed to redox fluctuations.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zanelli R, Egli M, Mirabella A, Abdelmoula M, Plötze M, Nötzli M (2006) ‘Black’ soils in the southern Alps: Clay mineral formation and transformation, X-ray amorphous Al phases and Fe forms. Clays and Clay Minerals 54, 703–720.
| ‘Black’ soils in the southern Alps: Clay mineral formation and transformation, X-ray amorphous Al phases and Fe forms.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zehetner F (2010) Does organic carbon sequestration in volcanic soils offset CO2 emissions? Quaternary Science Reviews 29, 1313–1316.
| Does organic carbon sequestration in volcanic soils offset CO2 emissions?Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zinder B, Furrer G, Stumm W (1986) The coordination chemistry of weathering: II. Dissolution of Fe(III) oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, 1861–1869.
| The coordination chemistry of weathering: II. Dissolution of Fe(III) oxides.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |