Does 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate or N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide reduce nitrous oxide emissions from a rain-fed cropping system?
Guangdi D. Li A D E , Graeme D. Schwenke B , Richard C. Hayes A D , Hongtao Xing A C , Adam J. Lowrie A D and Richard J. Lowrie A D
+ Author Affiliations
- Author Affiliations
A NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMB, Pine Gully Road, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
B NSW Department of Primary Industries, Tamworth Agricultural Institute, 4 Marsden Park Road, Tamworth, NSW 2340, Australia.
C School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
D Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Albert Pugsley Place, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
E Corresponding author. Email: guangdi.li@dpi.nsw.gov.au
Soil Research 56(3) 296-305 https://doi.org/10.1071/SR17219
Submitted: 21 August 2017 Accepted: 10 November 2017 Published: 6 February 2018
Abstract
Nitrification and urease inhibitors have been used to reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and increase nitrogen use efficiency in many agricultural systems. However, their agronomic benefits, such as the improvement of grain yield, is uncertain. A two-year field experiment was conducted to (1) investigate whether the use of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) or N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) can reduce N2O emissions and increase grain yield and (2) explore the financial benefit of using DMPP or NBPT in a rain-fed cropping system in south-eastern Australia. The experiment was conducted at Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2012 and canola (Brassica napus L.) in 2013. Results showed that urea coated with DMPP reduced the cumulative N2O emission by 34% for a wheat crop in 2012 (P < 0.05) and by 62% for a canola crop in 2013 (P < 0.05) compared with normal urea, but urea coated NBPT had no effect on N2O emission for the wheat crop in 2012. Neither nitrification nor urease inhibitors increased crop yields because the low rainfall experienced led to little potential for gross N loss through denitrification, leaching or volatilisation pathways. In such dry years, only government or other financial incentives for N2O mitigation would make the use of DMPP with applied N economically viable.
Additional keywords: canola, crop rotation, gross margin, inhibitor, urease inhibitor, wheat.
References
Abalos D, Sanz-Cobena A, Misselbrook T, Vallejo A (2012) Effectiveness of urease inhibition on the abatement of ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions in a non-irrigated Mediterranean barley field. Chemosphere 89, 310–318.| Effectiveness of urease inhibition on the abatement of ammonia, nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emissions in a non-irrigated Mediterranean barley field.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvFKls7k%3D&md5=31129a7688956f6ad9f00bcd45be5d9aCAS |
Abalos D, Jeffery S, Sanz-Cobena A, Guardia G, Vallejo A (2014) Meta-analysis of the effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 189, 136–144.
| Meta-analysis of the effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXnslGqs7Y%3D&md5=561966145f0cc76bcbd191df0c3c2236CAS |
Akiyama H, Yan X, Yagi K (2010) Evaluation of effectiveness of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers as mitigation options for N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils: meta-analysis. Global Change Biology 16, 1837–1846.
| Evaluation of effectiveness of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers as mitigation options for N2O and NO emissions from agricultural soils: meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Barth G, Von Tucher S, Schmidhalter U (2001) Influence of soil parameters on the effect of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate as a nitrification inhibitor. Biology and Fertility of Soils 34, 98–102.
| Influence of soil parameters on the effect of 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole-phosphate as a nitrification inhibitor.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlyqt7Y%3D&md5=b77bb43f56432890d512ddb0ad06a950CAS |
Chen DL, Suter HC, Islam A, Edis R (2010) Influence of nitrification inhibitors on nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a clay loam soil fertilized with urea. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 42, 660–664.
| Influence of nitrification inhibitors on nitrification and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a clay loam soil fertilized with urea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXis1Sgtrw%3D&md5=fde584f4634405da18f6421eecc9c3c5CAS |
Dawar K, Zaman M, Rowarth JS, Blennerhassett J, Turnbull MH (2011) Urease inhibitor reduces N losses and improves plant-bioavailability of urea applied in fine particle and granular forms under field conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 144, 41–50.
| Urease inhibitor reduces N losses and improves plant-bioavailability of urea applied in fine particle and granular forms under field conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFCqsLnL&md5=250c61836c0c449310df7f41453926dbCAS |
De Antoni Migliorati M, Scheer C, Grace PR, Rowlings DW, Bell M, McGree J (2014) Influence of different nitrogen rates and DMPP nitrification inhibitor on annual N2O emissions from a subtropical wheat–maize cropping system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 186, 33–43.
| Influence of different nitrogen rates and DMPP nitrification inhibitor on annual N2O emissions from a subtropical wheat–maize cropping system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXmsVCjtbo%3D&md5=70c3fd3ec8a6fe9bdf97e9b2b02428c4CAS |
De Antoni Migliorati M, Bell M, Lester D, Rowlings DW, Scheer C, de Rosa D, Grace PR (2016) Comparison of grain yields and N2O emissions on Oxisol and Vertisol soils in response to fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate. Soil Research 54, 552–564.
| Comparison of grain yields and N2O emissions on Oxisol and Vertisol soils in response to fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL%2FM&md5=57d9198fdd05f7ecc291d736c92b9452CAS |
Dougherty WJ, Collins D, Van Zwieten L, Rowlings DW (2016) Nitrification (DMPP) and urease (NBPT) inhibitors had no effect on pasture yield, nitrous oxide emissions, or nitrate leaching under irrigation in a hot-dry climate. Soil Research 54, 675–683.
| Nitrification (DMPP) and urease (NBPT) inhibitors had no effect on pasture yield, nitrous oxide emissions, or nitrate leaching under irrigation in a hot-dry climate.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL%2FO&md5=85ead05c9ea8cc5bd3489bc93452f340CAS |
FAO (2017) FAO soils portal. Available at http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-classification/world-reference-base/en/.
Fillery IRP, Khimashia N (2016) Procedure to estimate ammonia loss after N fertiliser application to moist soil. Soil Research 54, 1–10.
| Procedure to estimate ammonia loss after N fertiliser application to moist soil.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XisVyhtrw%3D&md5=dfa979f191d418015c528ebb36dda5a7CAS |
San Francisco S, Urrutia O, Martin V, Peristeropoulos A, Garcia-Mina JM (2011) Efficiency of urease and nitrification inhibitors in reducing ammonia volatilization from diverse nitrogen fertilizers applied to different soil types and wheat straw mulching. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, 1569–1575.
| Efficiency of urease and nitrification inhibitors in reducing ammonia volatilization from diverse nitrogen fertilizers applied to different soil types and wheat straw mulching.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXnt1Kksbc%3D&md5=1fa8664d59280c37dce64413d52a7668CAS |
Freney JR, Simpson JR, Denmead OT (1983) Volatilization of ammonia. In ‘Gaseous loss of nitrogen from plant-soil systems’. (Eds JR Freney, JR Simpson) pp. 1–32. (Springer: Netherlands)
Gilmour AR, Gogel BJ, Cullis BR, Thompson R (2009) ‘ASReml user guide, release 3.’ (VSN International: Hemel Hempstead, UK).
Gilsanz C, Baez D, Misselbrook TH, Dhanoa MS, Cardenas LM (2016) Development of emission factors and efficiency of two nitrification inhibitors, DCD and DMPP. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 216, 1–8.
| Development of emission factors and efficiency of two nitrification inhibitors, DCD and DMPP.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1WjsL3J&md5=41281a9da2a1f28d9a84788f2972119cCAS |
Gioacchini P, Nastri A, Marzadori C, Giovannini C, Antisari LV, Gessa C (2002) Influence of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N losses from soils fertilized with urea. Biology and Fertility of Soils 36, 129–135.
| Influence of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N losses from soils fertilized with urea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvV2mu7c%3D&md5=d4af66e002f7da181f246602d5b97d77CAS |
Hendrickson LL (1992) Corn Yield Response to the Urease Inhibitor NBPT: Five-Year Summary. Journal of Production Agriculture 5, 131–137.
| Corn Yield Response to the Urease Inhibitor NBPT: Five-Year Summary.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Hendrickson LL, Douglass EA (1993) Metabolism of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in Soils. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 25, 1613–1618.
| Metabolism of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in Soils.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXjtVWrtQ%3D%3D&md5=8bba1e432925865006abf767ef56219aCAS |
VSN International (2015) ‘Genstat for Windows 18th edition.’ (VSN International: Hemel Hempstead, UK)
Irigoyen I, Muro J, Azpilikueta M, Aparicio-Tejo P, Lamsfus C (2003) Ammonium oxidation kinetics in the presence of nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP at various temperatures. Australian Journal of Soil Research 41, 1177–1183.
| Ammonium oxidation kinetics in the presence of nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP at various temperatures.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXot1Cgt70%3D&md5=46054468b538f0df3ffbae69c4f59fb7CAS |
Isbell RF (1996) ‘The Australian soil classification.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne)
Jamali H, Quayle W, Scheer C, Baldock J (2016) Mitigation of N2O emissions from surface-irrigated cropping systems using water management and the nitrification inhibitor DMPP. Soil Research 54, 481–493.
| Mitigation of N2O emissions from surface-irrigated cropping systems using water management and the nitrification inhibitor DMPP.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL%2FJ&md5=f580daf869399d015c64590647cfab00CAS |
Kim DG, Saggar S, Roudier P (2012) The effect of nitrification inhibitors on soil ammonia emissions in nitrogen managed soils: a meta-analysis. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 93, 51–64.
| The effect of nitrification inhibitors on soil ammonia emissions in nitrogen managed soils: a meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XnsFKhs7g%3D&md5=cefdc7ae7881f3cc4ab78a36a2164561CAS |
Lester DW, Bell MJ, Bell KL, De Antoni Migliorati M, Scheer C, Rowlings D, Grace PR (2016) Agronomic responses of grain sorghum to DMPP-treated urea on contrasting soil types in north-eastern Australia. Soil Research 54, 565–571.
| Agronomic responses of grain sorghum to DMPP-treated urea on contrasting soil types in north-eastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL%2FN&md5=b138d36c61838df08d8faf7d12f31914CAS |
Li GD, Conyers MK, Schwenke GD, Hayes RC, Liu DL, Lowrie AJ, Poile GJ, Oates AA, Lowrie RJ (2016) Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia. Soil Research 54, 512–522.
| Tillage does not increase nitrous oxide emissions under dryland canola (Brassica napus L.) in a semiarid environment of south-eastern Australia.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtLzO&md5=cb7400e184941b1446fa8c516c0956c4CAS |
Liu C, Wang K, Zheng X (2013) Effects of nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) on nitrous oxide emission, crop yield and nitrogen uptake in a wheat–maize cropping system. Biogeosciences 10, 2427–2437.
| Effects of nitrification inhibitors (DCD and DMPP) on nitrous oxide emission, crop yield and nitrogen uptake in a wheat–maize cropping system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXltlGktLg%3D&md5=8f1bdbabca6a79916149c8fcaef833edCAS |
McCarty GW (1999) Modes of action of nitrification inhibitors. Biology and Fertility of Soils 29, 1–9.
| Modes of action of nitrification inhibitors.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXitVKksr0%3D&md5=04f4caeedbd881d2a75a7094f3bd5f0cCAS |
Menéndez S, Barrena I, Setien I, González-Murua C, Estavillo JM (2012) Efficiency of nitrification inhibitor DMPP to reduce nitrous oxide emissions under different temperature and moisture conditions. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 53, 82–89.
| Efficiency of nitrification inhibitor DMPP to reduce nitrous oxide emissions under different temperature and moisture conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Merino P, Menéndez S, Pinto M, Gonzalez-Murua C, Estavillo JM (2005) 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate reduces nitrous oxide emissions from grassland after slurry application. Soil Use and Management 21, 53–57.
| 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate reduces nitrous oxide emissions from grassland after slurry application.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Misselbrook TH, Cardenas LM, Camp V, Thorman RE, Williams JR, Rollett AJ, Chambers BJ (2014) An assessment of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from UK agriculture. Environmental Research Letters 9, 1–11.
| An assessment of nitrification inhibitors to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from UK agriculture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
NSW DPI (2012) Winter crop gross margin budgets. Available at http://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/budgets/winter-crops.
Rawluk CDL, Grant CA, Racz GJ (2001) Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, 239–246.
| Ammonia volatilization from soils fertilized with urea and varying rates of urease inhibitor NBPT.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvVGqsrc%3D&md5=38e11de59da8472f0f0329bd818ffcddCAS |
Rayment GE, Higginson FR (1992) ‘Australian laboratory handbook of soil and water chemical methods.’ (Inkata Press: Melbourne)
Ruser R, Schulz R (2015) The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N2O) release from agricultural soils-a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 178, 171–188.
| The effect of nitrification inhibitors on the nitrous oxide (N2O) release from agricultural soils-a review.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXkvVahsrs%3D&md5=bd66f47ebded66afe5e9a035d819d3cfCAS |
Sanz-Cobena A, Misselbrook TH, Arce A, Mingot JI, Diez JA, Vallejo A (2008) An inhibitor of urease activity effectively reduces ammonia emissions from soil treated with urea under Mediterranean conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 126, 243–249.
| An inhibitor of urease activity effectively reduces ammonia emissions from soil treated with urea under Mediterranean conditions.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvVOluro%3D&md5=0488fa0f539d4b1a90c7d9323f484d2dCAS |
Sanz-Cobena A, Sánchez-Martín L, García-Torres L, Vallejo A (2012) Gaseous emissions of N2O and NO and NO3 − leaching from urea applied with urease and nitrification inhibitors to a maize (Zea mays) crop. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 149, 64–73.
| Gaseous emissions of N2O and NO and NO3 − leaching from urea applied with urease and nitrification inhibitors to a maize (Zea mays) crop.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XitlGiu7o%3D&md5=6b3a5db51715817a805df559d1426072CAS |
Scheer C, Rowlings DW, De Antoni Migliorati M, Lester DW, Bell MJ, Grace PR (2016) Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilisers on nitrous oxide emissions in a sub-tropical cereal cropping system. Soil Research 54, 544–551.
| Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilisers on nitrous oxide emissions in a sub-tropical cereal cropping system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL%2FP&md5=7a3b924352c9141ebc12e036ca2bd2f2CAS |
Schwenke GD, Herridge DF, Scheer C, Rowlings DW, Haigh BM, McMullen KG (2016) Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives. Soil Research 54, 634–650.
| Greenhouse gas (N2O and CH4) fluxes under nitrogen-fertilised dryland wheat and barley on subtropical Vertosols: risk, rainfall and alternatives.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlejtL7E&md5=f82502b5e6f139c822e5c340ae7da6a4CAS |
Sherlock R, Goh K (1985) Dynamics of ammonia volatilization from simulated urine patches and aqueous urea applied to pasture. II. Theoretical derivation of a simplified model. Fertilizer Research 6, 3–22.
| Dynamics of ammonia volatilization from simulated urine patches and aqueous urea applied to pasture. II. Theoretical derivation of a simplified model.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXhvVChsLg%3D&md5=74523d61291ca6cd51cfdacf62c72aafCAS |
Suter H, Chen D, Li H, Edis R, Walker C (2010) Reducing N2O emissions from nitrogen fertilisers with the nitrification inhibitor DMPP. In ‘Proceedings 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World’, 1–6 August 2010, Brisbane. (Eds R Gilkes, N Prakongkep). pp. 205–207. (International Union of Soil Sciences; published on DVD). Available at http://iuss.org/19th%20WCSS/Symposium/pdf/0755.pdf.
Turner DA, Edis RB, Chen D, Freney JR, Denmead OT, Christie R (2010) Determination and mitigation of ammonia loss from urea applied to winter wheat with N-(n-butyl) thiophosphorictriamide. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 137, 261–266.
| Determination and mitigation of ammonia loss from urea applied to winter wheat with N-(n-butyl) thiophosphorictriamide.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltFOms7k%3D&md5=aecdaa10b21906d957cc5043e59743f6CAS |
Watson CJ, Miller H, Poland P, Kilpatrick DJ, Allen MDB, Garrett MK, Christianson CB (1994) Soil properties and the ability of the urease inhibitor N-(n-BUTYL) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT) to reduce ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 26, 1165–1171.
| Soil properties and the ability of the urease inhibitor N-(n-BUTYL) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT) to reduce ammonia volatilization from surface-applied urea.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtVCiurg%3D&md5=bbb55675fcd8bfbf2fa4d464a4d9ef1cCAS |
Weiske A, Benckiser G, Herbert T, Ottow JCG (2001) Influence of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in comparison to dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide emissions, carbon dioxide fluxes and methane oxidation during 3 years of repeated application in field experiments. Biology and Fertility of Soils 34, 109–117.
| Influence of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) in comparison to dicyandiamide (DCD) on nitrous oxide emissions, carbon dioxide fluxes and methane oxidation during 3 years of repeated application in field experiments.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlyqtL4%3D&md5=3112d47a3fada3271be83deee67144a8CAS |
Yang M, Fang YT, Sun D, Shi YL (2016) Efficiency of two nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide and 3,4-dimethypyrazole phosphate) on soil nitrogen transformations and plant productivity: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports 6, 1–10.
| Efficiency of two nitrification inhibitors (dicyandiamide and 3,4-dimethypyrazole phosphate) on soil nitrogen transformations and plant productivity: a meta-analysis.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar |
Zaman M, Nguyen ML, Blennerhassett JD, Quin BF (2008) Reducing NH3, N2O and NO3 ––N losses from a pasture soil with urease or nitrification inhibitors and elemental S-amended nitrogenous fertilizers. Biology and Fertility of Soils 44, 693–705.
| Reducing NH3, N2O and NO3 ––N losses from a pasture soil with urease or nitrification inhibitors and elemental S-amended nitrogenous fertilizers.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXlsFCmtLg%3D&md5=e5adf89e79a7f42ae6bc260ff855087dCAS |
Zaman M, Saggar S, Blennerhassett JD, Singh J (2009) Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation, gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide, pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 41, 1270–1280.
| Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation, gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide, pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtVGkur0%3D&md5=d4b7915e10bbaa4a207558424a811c94CAS |
Zerulla W, Barth T, Dressel J, Erhardt K, Horchler von Locquenghien K, Pasda G, Rädle M, Wissemeier A (2001) 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) – a new nitrification inhibitor for agriculture and horticulture. Biology and Fertility of Soils 34, 79–84.
| 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) – a new nitrification inhibitor for agriculture and horticulture.Crossref | GoogleScholarGoogle Scholar | 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXltlyqt7g%3D&md5=0520a738cd7983fd2a73bbd123c94126CAS |
